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Water Quality for Crop Production
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Iron (Fe)
Acceptable range is 0.5 to 5 ppm. Excess iron can lead to toxicity and deficiency results in interveinal chlorosis.
Magnesium (Mg)
Acceptable range is 5 to 30 ppm. Magnesium is central in chlorophyll, and its lack can cause interveinal chlorosis.
Bicarbonates (HCO3-)
Acceptable range up to 1.5 meq/L. High levels can lead to nutrient imbalances and reduced availability of micronutrients.
Electrical Conductivity (EC)
Acceptable range is generally 0.75 to 3 dS/m. High EC can lead to salt stress affecting crop growth and yield.
Potassium (K)
Acceptable range is 3 to 10 ppm. It's vital for plant water regulation—deficiency may cause wilting and yield reduction.
pH Level
Acceptable range is 6.0 to 7.5. Above or below this can cause nutrient availability issues and metal toxicity to plants.
Nitrate-Nitrogen (NO3-N)
Acceptable range is typically 5 to 30 ppm. Excess levels may lead to excessive vegetative growth and lower fruit quality.
Sodium (Na)
Levels should be less than 50 ppm. High levels of sodium can cause toxicity and induce water stress in plants.
Phosphorus (P)
Acceptable range is 0.2 to 2 ppm. Deficiencies or excesses can result in stunted growth and poor fruiting.
Calcium (Ca)
Acceptable range is 20 to 200 ppm. Necessary for cell wall strength; deficiency can lead to blossom end rot in tomatoes.
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