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Architectural Styles Through History
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Gothic
Key features include pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. Examples: Notre-Dame de Paris, Chartres Cathedral.
Baroque
Key features include grandeur, drama, and contrast. Examples: St. Peter's Basilica, Palace of Versailles.
Romanesque
Key features include thick walls, round arches, and sturdy piers. Examples: Speyer Cathedral, Durham Cathedral.
Renaissance
Key features include symmetry, proportion, and geometry. Examples: St. Peter's Basilica, Palazzo Farnese.
Bauhaus
Key features include functionality, absence of ornament, and the use of industrial materials. Examples: Bauhaus School, Törten Housing Estate.
Art Nouveau
Key features include organic forms, curved lines, and elaborate decorations. Examples: Casa Batlló, Hotel Tassel.
Art Deco
Key features include geometric shapes, rich colors, and lavish ornamentation. Examples: Chrysler Building, Empire State Building.
Modernism
Key features include simplicity, functionalism, and the rejection of ornament. Examples: Villa Savoye, Barcelona Pavilion.
Deconstructivism
Key features include non-linear shapes, fragmentation, and the sense of controlled chaos. Examples: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Walt Disney Concert Hall.
Byzantine
Key features include domed roofs, mosaics with gold backgrounds, and an emphasis on verticality. Examples: Hagia Sophia, Basilica of San Vitale.
Neoclassical
Key features include clean lines, grandeur of scale, and the use of Greek and Roman elements. Examples: Monticello, Panthéon in Paris.
Brutalism
Key features include raw concrete construction, massive forms, and utilitarian ethos. Examples: Trellick Tower, Boston City Hall.
International Style
Key features include minimalism, open interior spaces, and a lack of ornamentation. Examples: Villa Savoye, Seagram Building.
Constructivism
Key features include technological innovation, functional design, and the use of modern materials. Examples: Melnikov House, Tatlin's Tower (unbuilt).
Prairie Style
Key features include horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves, and integration with the landscape. Examples: Robie House, Fallingwater.
Beaux-Arts
Key features include grandiose scale, classical details, and rich sculptural elements. Examples: Grand Central Terminal, Paris Opéra.
Futurism
Key features include dynamic forms, strong sense of motion, and technology-driven aesthetic. Examples: Fiat Lingotto Factory, San Francisco Church in Mexico City.
Postmodernism
Key features include irony, complexity, and eclecticism. Examples: Portland Building, Vanna Venturi House.
High Tech
Key features include the exposure of structural elements, use of modern materials like steel and glass, and flexible interior layouts. Examples: Pompidou Centre, Lloyd's building.
Expressionism
Key features include distortion, fragmentation, and the quest for emotive environments. Examples: Einstein Tower, Great Mosque of Samarra.
Greek Revival
Key features include columns or pilasters, pediments, and symmetry. Examples: British Museum, The White House.
Streamline Moderne
Key features include curving forms, long horizontal lines, and nautical elements. Examples: Pan-Pacific Auditorium, Normandie Hotel.
Victorian
Key features include decorative trim, steep roof pitches, and eclectic and ornate detailing. Examples: Painted Ladies of San Francisco, Carson Mansion.
Tudor Revival
Key features include steeply pitched gable roofs, brick exteriors, and tall, narrow windows. Examples: Ascott House, Liberty of London.
Shingle Style
Key features include wood shingle siding, asymmetry, and an absence of ornamentation on the woodwork. Examples: Kragsyde, the William G. Low House.
Craftsman
Key features include low-pitched roof lines, exposed rafters, and a front porch with thick square or round columns. Examples: Gamble House, Robert R. Blacker House.
Palladian
Key features include a strict symmetry, temple-like porticos, and classical columns. Examples: Villa Capra 'La Rotonda', Stourhead House.
Colonial Revival
Key features include a symmetrical front facade, central front door, and multi-pane windows. Examples: Wakefield, Bassett Hall.
Dutch Colonial Revival
Key features include gambrel roofs, eaves that flare outward at the ends, and dormers. Examples: Wall House, Amityville Horror House.
French Provincial
Key features include steep hipped roofs, brick or stone exteriors, and arched doors. Examples: Château d'Ansouis, Jefferson Memorial.
Rococo
Key features include opulent and decorative art, pastel colors, and asymmetrical designs. Examples: Amalienburg, Catherine Palace.
Federal
Key features include fanlights, sidelights, and a decorative crown or roof over the front entrance. Examples: The White House, Monticello.
Cape Cod
Key features include a steep roof with side gables, a central chimney, and a symmetrical appearance with the door in the center. Examples: Edward Gorey House, Atwood House.
Georgian
Key features include paneled doors with decorative crowns, symmetrical facade, and multi-pane windows. Examples: Drayton Hall, Mount Vernon.
Aesthetic Movement
Key features include the use of Japanese motifs, an emphasis on aesthetic design, and the use of decorative arts. Examples: Red House, Leighton House Museum.
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