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Architectural Styles Through History

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Gothic

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Key features include pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses. Examples: Notre-Dame de Paris, Chartres Cathedral.

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Baroque

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Key features include grandeur, drama, and contrast. Examples: St. Peter's Basilica, Palace of Versailles.

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Romanesque

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Key features include thick walls, round arches, and sturdy piers. Examples: Speyer Cathedral, Durham Cathedral.

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Renaissance

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Key features include symmetry, proportion, and geometry. Examples: St. Peter's Basilica, Palazzo Farnese.

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Bauhaus

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Key features include functionality, absence of ornament, and the use of industrial materials. Examples: Bauhaus School, Törten Housing Estate.

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Art Nouveau

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Key features include organic forms, curved lines, and elaborate decorations. Examples: Casa Batlló, Hotel Tassel.

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Art Deco

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Key features include geometric shapes, rich colors, and lavish ornamentation. Examples: Chrysler Building, Empire State Building.

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Modernism

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Key features include simplicity, functionalism, and the rejection of ornament. Examples: Villa Savoye, Barcelona Pavilion.

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Deconstructivism

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Key features include non-linear shapes, fragmentation, and the sense of controlled chaos. Examples: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Walt Disney Concert Hall.

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Byzantine

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Key features include domed roofs, mosaics with gold backgrounds, and an emphasis on verticality. Examples: Hagia Sophia, Basilica of San Vitale.

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Neoclassical

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Key features include clean lines, grandeur of scale, and the use of Greek and Roman elements. Examples: Monticello, Panthéon in Paris.

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Brutalism

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Key features include raw concrete construction, massive forms, and utilitarian ethos. Examples: Trellick Tower, Boston City Hall.

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International Style

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Key features include minimalism, open interior spaces, and a lack of ornamentation. Examples: Villa Savoye, Seagram Building.

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Constructivism

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Key features include technological innovation, functional design, and the use of modern materials. Examples: Melnikov House, Tatlin's Tower (unbuilt).

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Prairie Style

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Key features include horizontal lines, flat or hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves, and integration with the landscape. Examples: Robie House, Fallingwater.

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Beaux-Arts

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Key features include grandiose scale, classical details, and rich sculptural elements. Examples: Grand Central Terminal, Paris Opéra.

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Futurism

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Key features include dynamic forms, strong sense of motion, and technology-driven aesthetic. Examples: Fiat Lingotto Factory, San Francisco Church in Mexico City.

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Postmodernism

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Key features include irony, complexity, and eclecticism. Examples: Portland Building, Vanna Venturi House.

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High Tech

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Key features include the exposure of structural elements, use of modern materials like steel and glass, and flexible interior layouts. Examples: Pompidou Centre, Lloyd's building.

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Expressionism

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Key features include distortion, fragmentation, and the quest for emotive environments. Examples: Einstein Tower, Great Mosque of Samarra.

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Greek Revival

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Key features include columns or pilasters, pediments, and symmetry. Examples: British Museum, The White House.

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Streamline Moderne

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Key features include curving forms, long horizontal lines, and nautical elements. Examples: Pan-Pacific Auditorium, Normandie Hotel.

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Victorian

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Key features include decorative trim, steep roof pitches, and eclectic and ornate detailing. Examples: Painted Ladies of San Francisco, Carson Mansion.

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Tudor Revival

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Key features include steeply pitched gable roofs, brick exteriors, and tall, narrow windows. Examples: Ascott House, Liberty of London.

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Shingle Style

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Key features include wood shingle siding, asymmetry, and an absence of ornamentation on the woodwork. Examples: Kragsyde, the William G. Low House.

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Craftsman

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Key features include low-pitched roof lines, exposed rafters, and a front porch with thick square or round columns. Examples: Gamble House, Robert R. Blacker House.

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Palladian

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Key features include a strict symmetry, temple-like porticos, and classical columns. Examples: Villa Capra 'La Rotonda', Stourhead House.

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Colonial Revival

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Key features include a symmetrical front facade, central front door, and multi-pane windows. Examples: Wakefield, Bassett Hall.

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Dutch Colonial Revival

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Key features include gambrel roofs, eaves that flare outward at the ends, and dormers. Examples: Wall House, Amityville Horror House.

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French Provincial

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Key features include steep hipped roofs, brick or stone exteriors, and arched doors. Examples: Château d'Ansouis, Jefferson Memorial.

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Rococo

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Key features include opulent and decorative art, pastel colors, and asymmetrical designs. Examples: Amalienburg, Catherine Palace.

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Federal

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Key features include fanlights, sidelights, and a decorative crown or roof over the front entrance. Examples: The White House, Monticello.

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Cape Cod

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Key features include a steep roof with side gables, a central chimney, and a symmetrical appearance with the door in the center. Examples: Edward Gorey House, Atwood House.

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Georgian

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Key features include paneled doors with decorative crowns, symmetrical facade, and multi-pane windows. Examples: Drayton Hall, Mount Vernon.

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Aesthetic Movement

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Key features include the use of Japanese motifs, an emphasis on aesthetic design, and the use of decorative arts. Examples: Red House, Leighton House Museum.

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