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Understanding Sculpture
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Carving
A subtractive process where material is removed to reveal the final form of the sculpture.
Casting
A process where molten material is poured into a mold and allowed to harden, capturing the mold's shape.
Modeling
An additive process where a soft, pliable material is shaped by the artist's hands or tools.
Welding
A process of joining metals by melting the workpieces and adding a filler material to form a strong joint.
Assemblage
An artistic form that involves putting together found objects to create a three-dimensional work of art.
Stone
A durable material used in carving that includes varieties such as marble, limestone, and granite.
Bronze
A metal alloy used for casting, known for its strength and ability to capture fine details.
Clay
A soft, malleable material commonly used in modeling; can be fired to create ceramics.
Forging
A process of shaping metal using compressive forces like hammering, especially iron or steel.
Plaster
A material often used for creating a mold or a temporary sculpture; can be carved or cast.
Fiberglass
A lightweight and strong material made from glass fibers, used for large-scale sculptures.
Wood
An organic, carve-able material that varies widely in hardness and texture.
Installations
Artistic genre of three-dimensional works designed to transform the perception of a space.
Kinetic Sculpture
Sculpture that moves, either by natural forces like wind or through mechanical means.
Sand Casting
A casting method where sand is used to create the mold into which molten metal is poured.
Lost Wax Casting
A method where a wax model is covered in refractory material to create a mold, then melted out and replaced with metal.
Glassblowing
Forming sculptures by inflating molten glass into a bubble using a blowpipe.
Paper-Mache
A sculpting material made from paper pieces or pulp bound with an adhesive like glue, often used for lightweight objects.
Direct Metal Sculpture
Sculpture technique in which metal is cut, shaped, and welded without casting or molding.
Ice Sculpting
Carving sculptures from ice, typically using chainsaws, chisels, and other tools, often for temporary display.
Acrylic
A plastic material used by some modern sculptors for its versatility and translucency.
Bas-Relief
A low-relief sculpture technique where the figures are slightly raised from the background.
High Relief
Sculpture technique where the deeply carved figures stand out from the background, often supported by undercutting.
Earthworks
Outdoor sculptures made from the earth itself, including rocks, soil, and natural materials.
Digital Sculpting
Using software to create models in a virtual three-dimensional space, which can then be 3D printed.
Chain Saw Carving
The use of a chainsaw to carve sculptures from blocks of wood, often for creating large-scale works.
Cor-Ten Steel
A type of weathering steel that forms a stable rust-like appearance, used for its natural look and durability.
Alabaster
A soft, translucent stone often used for small, finely detailed sculptures due to its workability.
Terracotta
Fired earthenware, often unglazed, used for figurines and architectural embellishments.
Marble
A metamorphic rock prized for sculpting, known for its durability and beauty, used since ancient times for statues and buildings.
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