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Notable works include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. His detailed studies of anatomy helped elevate the realism employed by Renaissance artists.

Edvard Munch's The Scream and Van Gogh's The Starry Night initiated a movement seeking to express emotional experience over physical reality.

Known for The Persistence of Memory and surreal melting clocks, he explored subconscious imagery and Freudian theory through artwork.

Exemplified by Picasso's Les Demoiselles d'Avignon and Braque's Houses at L’Estaque. It deconstructed objects into geometric shapes.

Marcel Duchamp's Fountain and Hannah Höch's photo-montages reveal a movement that rejected traditional art standards and embraced absurdity.

Starry Night and Sunflowers are among his masterpieces. Post-Impressionist techniques influenced modern art with bold colors and emotional sincerity.

Sistine Chapel Ceiling and David. A key figure in the High Renaissance, his sculptures, and paintings emphasized human beauty and form.

Guernica and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon are significant works. His development of Cubism and influence on modern art are unparalleled.

Notable works include Monet's Water Lilies series and Renoir's Luncheon of the Boating Party. Focused on light and color over realism.

Works like The Calling of St Matthew represent the Baroque style with naturalism and tenebrism, which greatly influenced European painting.

Dali's The Persistence of Memory and Magritte's The Treachery of Images define this movement interested in dreams and the unconscious mind.

Notable for works like Number 1, 1949, he revolutionized the abstract expressionist movement with his drip painting technique.

Works like Water Lilies and Impression, Sunrise are crucial to Impressionism, a movement characterized by visible brush strokes and open composition.

The Night Watch and self-portraits are famous examples of his mastery in light and shadow, contributing to the Baroque period's dramatic intensity.

Caravaggio's The Calling of St Matthew and Bernini's David exemplify this dramatic, detailed, and grandiose style of 17th-century Europe.

Admired for Melencolia I and his woodcut series, he was a crucial figure in the Northern Renaissance for his high-quality woodcuts and engravings.

David's Oath of the Horatii and Canova's sculptures marked a return to classical simplicity and grandeur amidst the anti-Rococo sentiment.

Da Vinci's Mona Lisa, Michelangelo's David, and Raphael's School of Athens show the rebirth of classical arts and humanism.

Pollock's Autumn Rhythm and Rothko's color field paintings focused on spontaneity, abstract forms, and the individual subconscious.

Mondrian's Broadway Boogie Woogie and Rietveld's Red Blue Chair are major achievements of a movement that embraced an abstract, minimalist aesthetic.

Fragonard's The Swing and Watteau's Pilgrimage to Cythera define elegantly decorative art that's associated with the aristocratic pleasures of 18th-century France.

Judd's Untitled works and LeWitt's wall drawings distilled art to its essential form, creating a new simplicity in art in the 1960s and 70s.

The Garden of Earthly Delights famously embodies the fantastical and detailed imagery peculiar to this Netherlandish artist's vision of morality.

Tatlin's Monument to the Third International and Rodchenko's spatial constructions reflected an artistic philosophy devoted to materialism and utility.

The Arnolfini Portrait and Ghent Altarpiece are crucial in their advanced oil painting techniques and high attention to details, typical of Flemish painting.

An Italian movement symbolized by Penone's Tree of 12 Meters, which used everyday materials to challenge the commercialization of art.

Cézanne's Mont Sainte-Victoire and Van Gogh's Starry Night represent artists who moved beyond Impressionism's limitations to emphasize structure and symbolism.

Judith Slaying Holofernes exemplifies her Caravaggio-inspired dramatic style. As a female painter in the Baroque era, she offered unique perspectives on biblical and mythological subjects.

The soaring architecture of Notre-Dame Cathedral and Giotto's frescoes illustrate a style characterized by verticality and the evolution of the iconic pointed arch.

Walter Gropius's school design philosophy and Kandinsky's abstract works fostered functionalism and clean geometric aesthetics in art and architecture.

Matisse's The Dance and Derain's London Bridge highlighted bold colors and painterly qualities that sought to liberate color from its descriptive role.

Courbet's The Stone Breakers and Millet's The Gleaners emphasized everyday subjects, a stark contrast to the romantically idealized art that preceded it.

Bridget Riley’s Fall and Vasarely’s Zebra utilized optical illusions to create visually stimulating art that seemed to move and vibrate.

Alphonse Mucha's posters and Gaudi's architecture characterized a style focusing on natural forms, flowing lines, and organic shapes.

Boccioni's Unique Forms of Continuity in Space and Balla's Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash celebrated technology and kinetic energy.

Millais's Ophelia and Waterhouse's The Lady of Shalott drew on early Renaissance works to express a fascination with medieval myth and nature.

Moreau's The Apparition and Klimt's The Kiss portray a movement favoring spirituality, the imagination, and dreams over realism.

Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People and Turner's sublime landscapes centered on emotion, individualism, and the awe of nature.