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Basic Art Vocabulary
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Composition
The arrangement of visual elements in a piece of art; it guides the viewer's eye through the artwork.
Perspective
A method used to represent three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface; it gives depth to an image.
Chiaroscuro
An art technique using bold contrasts between light and dark to achieve a sense of volume in modelling three-dimensional objects and figures.
Palette
A range of colors or materials used by an artist for a particular work or in a style of work.
Medium
The material or technique used by an artist to create their work.
Texture
The perceived surface quality of a piece of art; can be actual (physical) or implied (visual).
Value
The lightness or darkness of a color; it's an important element in the creation of depth and mood in an artwork.
Hue
A color or shade; the attribute of colors that enables the viewer to classify them as red, blue, yellow, etc.
Saturation
The intensity or purity of a color; defines the degree to which it differs from a neutral gray.
Contrast
The difference in luminance or color that makes an object distinguishable from other objects and the background.
Form
Refers to the three-dimensional quality or shape of an artwork or the parts contained within it.
Line
A mark with greater length than width; can be used to define space, contours, outlines, or create an emotional or psychological impact.
Contour
An outline that defines a form or edge within an artwork; often used in drawing to suggest volume in space.
Proportion
The relationship of size between different parts of a work; can create a sense of harmony or dissonance.
Negative Space
The empty or open space around an object that defines it; emphasizes the shape of the subject by forming shapes between objects.
Focal Point
The area in an artwork that attracts and holds the viewer’s attention; usually, the main subject or a concentration of elements.
Scale
The size of an object or subject in relation to the overall context or the objects around it.
Gesture
In art, refers to the simulation of action or movement; often a quick, expressive style of drawing to capture movement.
Symmetry
The balance of identical, mirrored elements on either side of a central axis; can create a sense of harmony and balance.
Pattern
The repetition of a graphic motif on a surface, often creating a sense of rhythm or harmony.
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