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Basic Calligraphy Strokes
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Ascending Loop
A stroke that extends above the x-height to form letters with ascenders, like 'l' and 'b'; typically starts with an upstroke and turns into a loop.
Compound Curve
A complex stroke that combines elements of the overturn and underturn strokes; used in letters such as 'a' and 'd' where both an ascending and descending loop are required.
Upstroke
A light, thin stroke made by pushing the pen upwards; used to create finer lines and details.
Entrance Stroke
A beginning stroke that leads into a letterform; often a light upstroke that prepares the pen direction for the main strokes of the letter.
Overturn Stroke
A compound stroke that begins with an upstroke that transitions into a curved downstroke, resembling an overturned 'n' shape; used in letters like 'n', 'm', and 'h'.
Oval Stroke
A foundational stroke that forms the basis of round letters like 'o', 'c', and 'e'; involves a combination of upstrokes and downstrokes to create an oval shape.
Exit Stroke
A finalizing stroke that signifies the end of a letterform and allows for a transition to the next character; generally lighter and can curve upwards.
Downstroke
A heavy, thick stroke made by pulling the pen downwards; used to add weight and thickness to letters.
Descending Loop
A stroke that extends below the baseline to form letters with descenders, such as 'g' and 'p'; it often involves a downstroke that loops below the line.
Underturn Stroke
A compound stroke that starts with a downstroke transitioning into a curved upstroke; it is the inverse of the overturn stroke and is used in letters like 'u', 'y', and 'i'.
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