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Calligraphy Grids and Guidelines
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Baseline
The baseline is the line on which the letters sit. Draw it as a straight horizontal line on your page where all the letterforms will rest.
X-height
X-height determines the height of the lowercase letters in relation to the baseline. To draw them, evenly space horizontal lines across your paper matching the size of the lowercase 'x' of your chosen script.
Cap height
Cap height is the height of capital letters in the alphabet. Draw horizontal lines above the x-height that matches the size of your capital letters.
Ascender line
The ascender line marks the top boundary of the ascending part of letters like 'b' and 'd'. Draw this line parallel and above the x-height at a height that matches the length of the ascenders in your script.
Slant lines
Slant lines help maintain a consistent angle across all the letters. Draw slant lines at the desired angle intersecting all other guidelines. The angle of the slant may vary depending on the script style.
Descender line
Descender line is the bottom boundary for the descending part of letters like 'p' and 'g'. Draw this line parallel and below the baseline to match the length of the descenders in your script.
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