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A traditional animation technique where each frame is hand-drawn on a transparent sheet (celluloid). It was used extensively in classic cartoons and feature films before the rise of digital animation.

A fundamental principle of animation that gives the illusion of weight and volume to characters and objects as they move. It's used to add a sense of elasticity, often for comedic effect.

An animation process that allows the animator to see several frames at once. This technique helps to understand the movement from one frame to the next.

An animation technique where animators trace over footage, frame by frame, for use in live-action and animated films. Originally created as a means of reproducing realistic motion.

The use of keyframes to define the start and end points of any smooth transition. The interpolations between these key points are automatically calculated by the animation software.

A cinematographic technique where the camera is repeatedly stopped and started to give the impression of moving objects. Often used in clay animation films and commercials.

A special effect in animations that changes (or morphs) one image or shape into another through a seamless transition. Used in various motion pictures and animations.

An animation technique where different elements are separated onto individual layers. This allows animators to move and manipulate elements independently, making the process more efficient.

Graphics that use video and/or animation technology to create the illusion of motion or rotation. Commonly used for commercials, title sequences, explaining concepts, and more.

The process of developing a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional surface of an object via specialized software. Used in video games, films, and virtual reality.

Short for 'in-betweening'. The process of generating intermediate frames between two images to give the appearance that the first image evolves smoothly into the second image. Common in digital animations.

A rendering technique for generating an image by tracing the path of light as pixels in an image plane. It enhances visual effects in terms of shadows, reflections, and refraction.

A technique used in animation to record actions of human actors, and then use that information to animate digital character models in 2D or 3D computer animation.

Refers to the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images (frames) are captured or displayed in animation and film. Common frame rates include 24, 30, or 60 frames per second (fps).