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Also known as negative space, white space refers to the areas of a design that are not occupied by any visual or written element. It gives the design breathing room, balances elements, and helps to create focus.

Hierarchy refers to the arrangement of elements in a design in a way that signifies their importance. It guides the viewer’s eye to where they should look first, second, and so on.

The golden ratio is a mathematical ratio, approximately 1:1.618, that is commonly found in nature. In design, it's used to create aesthetically pleasing and natural-looking compositions.

Contrast is the use of opposing visual elements within a graphic design. It creates interest and highlights important areas, distinguishing elements from one another.

Balance refers to the distribution of visual weight in a design. It can be symmetrical or asymmetrical and helps to provide stability and structure in the composition.

Scale refers to the size of design elements in relation to each other. It can be used to create depth, focus, and hierarchy in a layout.

Repetition is the recurrence of certain design elements that bring a clear sense of unity, consistency, and cohesiveness to designs. It helps to strengthen a concept.

The rule of thirds is a compositional principle that involves dividing a design into thirds, both horizontally and vertically, and placing key elements at the intersections, which helps to create more dynamic compositions.

The focal point is the area of a design that draws the viewer’s eye first. It's created by using elements such as color, contrast, and size to grab attention and typically contains the main message.

Color harmony is the science of combining colors in a design in a way that is pleasing to the eye. It involves using color theory to create a palette that has visual interest and balance.

Unity is the cohesive quality that makes a design feel seamless and all its parts function together. It's achieved by using consistent elements throughout the design and can make disparate components feel connected.

A grid system is a series of intersecting vertical and horizontal lines used to structure content. Grids provide a framework for organizing layout elements in a rational, easy to absorb manner.

Proximity involves grouping related items together, which helps to create organization within a design. It suggests a relationship between elements and can help to improve the clarity of your message.

Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written content legible, readable, and appealing when displayed. It involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing, and letter-spacing.