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Design Elements Vocabulary
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Pattern
A repeating element or symbol all over a work to bring about a sense of rhythm or harmony. Examples: Stripes in clothing designs, polka dots in background illustrations.
Texture
The surface quality of a material, either tactile or visual. Examples: The feel of a raised print on a business card, the visual simulation of texture in a graphic design.
Typography
The art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed. Examples: Choosing fonts for a website, spacing between letters, and setting the text layout for a book.
Negative Space
The empty space or the open area between design elements. Also known as 'white space'. Examples: The space around the subject in a logo, the unmarked margins in a book.
Proximity
The principle of grouping related items together to create a relationship and reduce clutter. Examples: Contact information grouped together on a business card, menu items grouped by category.
Hierarchy
The arrangement of elements to signify the order of importance. Examples: Large headlines before smaller text in a flyer, scaling of icons on a dashboard according to usage frequency.
Emphasis
It draws attention to a particular area or object within the artwork, making it a focal point. Examples: A bold statement in an advertisement, high-contrast colors in a painting to draw the eye.
Grid System
A structure comprising intersecting horizontal and vertical guidelines used to organize content. Examples: The layout of a magazine spread, structured columns in a responsive web design.
Contrast
The arrangement of opposing elements in a piece to create visual interest. Examples: Dark text on a light background, contrasting sizes in a composition.
Alignment
An arrangement of elements that creates a line or an edge aligning as a potential guide. Examples: Text aligned to the left in a newspaper column, centered titles in a presentation.
Color Theory
A body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual impact of specific color combinations. Examples: Complementary colors in a logo design, the use of a warm color palette in an ad campaign.
Movement
The path that the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas, influenced by visual weight and direction. Examples: A winding road in a landscape painting guiding the eye, arrows in infographics.
Scale
The relative size of elements against each other which can indicate the importance, create depth or focus. Examples: Enlarged titles, small footnotes, a large icon next to smaller ones.
Balance
The distribution of visual elements within a design to achieve a visually pleasing effect. Examples: Symmetrical design in a brochure, use of asymmetry in a webpage layout.
Repetition
The repeated use of certain elements or design aspects to create a sense of unity and consistency. Examples: Repeating a geometric pattern in wallpaper design, consistent use of brand colors throughout a website.
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