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Word of Mouth and Consumer Behavior
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Definition of Word of Mouth (WOM)
WOM refers to the informal communication between consumers about products or services.
WOM's credibility
Consumers often perceive WOM as more credible and trustworthy than traditional advertising.
Impact of Negative WOM
Negative WOM can deter potential customers and damage a brand's reputation.
WOM Influence on Trust
Positive WOM can increase trust in a brand or product, influencing purchase decisions.
WOM's Role in New Product Adoption
WOM can accelerate the adoption and diffusion of new products in the market.
Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM)
eWOM includes online reviews, comments, and social media posts, having a broader reach than traditional WOM.
WOM's Quantifiable Impact
Studies have quantified WOM's impact, showing it can significantly affect sales and market share.
WOM's Spontaneity
The spontaneous nature of WOM makes it less predictable and controllable by marketers.
The Amplification Effect of Social Media on WOM
Social media amplifies WOM, allowing messages to spread faster and farther than traditional word-of-mouth.
Measurement of WOM's Effectiveness
Various metrics, such as Net Promoter Score (NPS), track the effectiveness of WOM.
WOM and Customer Lifetime Value (CLV)
Positive WOM can increase the CLV by attracting and retaining more loyal customers.
The Viral Nature of WOM
Information shared through WOM has the potential to 'go viral', influencing vast audiences quickly.
Micro-Influencers and WOM
Micro-influencers have reshaped WOM by providing more niche and targeted recommendations to engaged audiences.
Peer Influence in WOM
WOM is heavily influenced by peers; consumers are more likely to trust and act on recommendations from friends and family.
WOM Momentum and Product Life Cycle
Positive WOM can help maintain momentum for a product throughout its life cycle stages.
Negative WOM and Damage Control
Companies must actively address negative WOM to mitigate damage and restore consumer trust.
WOM's Impact on Price Sensitivity
Positive WOM can reduce price sensitivity, as consumers are willing to pay more for products with strong recommendations.
Limitation of WOM and Market Segmentation
WOM may not reach all market segments equally, potentially missing non-communicative or isolated segments.
WOM's Impact on Brand Equity
Consistently positive WOM can contribute to building and maintaining strong brand equity.
Combining WOM with Other Marketing Strategies
Integrating WOM with other marketing efforts can enhance overall campaign impact and reach.
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