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Quality Management in Supply Chains
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Six Sigma
A set of techniques and tools for process improvement, aiming at reducing variability and defects. In supply chain, it's used to improve procurement, production, and delivery processes to make them more efficient and reliable.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
A management approach focused on long-term success through customer satisfaction, involving all members of an organization. In supply chain, it fosters a quality culture with suppliers and throughout the production process.
Kaizen
A philosophy or practice that focuses on continuous improvement in all functions of a business. It encourages small, incremental changes in the supply chain, often involving suggestions by employees.
ISO 9001
An international standard for quality management systems, providing requirements to ensure consistent quality in products and services. In supply chains, it assures the quality of processes at each step from suppliers to customers.
Lean Manufacturing
A systematic method for waste minimization without sacrificing productivity. Lean principles applied in supply chain help to reduce inventory, improve flow, and enhance transportation and production efficiency.
Statistical Process Control (SPC)
A method employing statistical tools to monitor and control a process. In supply chains, it helps in ensuring process stability and quality of output by identifying irregularities.
Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
A method of problem-solving used to identify the underlying reasons for faults or problems. Supply chains use RCA to trace issues in logistics or production back to their origins and prevent recurrence.
Just-In-Time (JIT) Inventory
A strategy that aligns raw-material orders from suppliers directly with production schedules. JIT helps supply chains reduce inventory costs and improve cash flow and inventory turnover.
5S System
A Japanese organizational methodology (Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, Sustain) aiming at creating a clean, orderly, and productive work environment. Supply chains benefit from 5S by improved safety, efficiency, and reduced waste.
Value Stream Mapping
A lean-management tool for analyzing the flow of materials and information to identify inefficiencies. In supply chains, it's used to visualize bottlenecks and areas of waste to streamline processes.
Balanced Scorecard
A strategic planning and management system used to align business activities to the vision and strategy. Supply chains use it to track and manage performance metrics across financial, customer, process, and learning perspectives.
Pareto Analysis
A statistical technique that applies the Pareto principle, suggesting 80% of problems are caused by 20% of causes. Supply chains use this to prioritize quality problems and focus on solving the most significant issues.
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
A proactive tool used to anticipate potential failures in products or processes and prevent them. Supply chain professionals use FMEA to assess risks related to product quality and delivery.
Benchmarking
The process of comparing a company's performance metrics to industry bests or best practices from other companies. Supply chains use benchmarking to improve performance in logistics, inventory management, and customer service.
Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
A method to transform user demands into product design quality characteristics, creating operational targets to guide each stage of production. QFD in the supply chain aligns product characteristics with customer needs and ensures the delivery of high-quality products.
Control Plan
A detailed document that outlines the process for controlling product and process quality. Supply chain control plans ensure product specifications are met and standardized steps are in place for handling non-conformances.
Process Capability Analysis
Statistical measure of a process's ability to produce output within specification limits. Supply chains use this analysis to measure the capability of their production and logistics processes.
Quality Circles
A group of employees that meet regularly to discuss and solve workplace issues, primarily related to quality. Quality circles in the supply chain can improve operational efficiency and foster a culture of continuous improvement.
Design of Experiments (DoE)
A systematic approach to determine the relationship between factors affecting a process and the output of that process. In supply chains, DoE can optimize logistics processes and product design.
Risk Management
The forecasting and evaluation of risks together with the identification of procedures to avoid or minimize their impact. Risk management in supply chains involves identifying potential disruptions and developing strategies to mitigate their effects.
Supplier Quality Management
A system to ensure that supplier materials and components meet required quality standards. This is critical in supply chains to ensure the finished product meets the desired specifications and reduces the risk of defects.
Advanced Product Quality Planning (APQP)
A framework for developing products in the automotive industry, ensuring quality requirements are met. Supply chains use APQP to anticipate potential issues and ensure product quality before launch.
Kanban
An inventory control system used to manage work and inventory at every stage of production efficiently. Supply chains use Kanban to maintain optimal levels of stock based on real-time demand signals.
Poka-Yoke
A Japanese term that means 'mistake-proofing' or 'inadvertent error prevention.' The supply chain uses poka-yoke to eliminate product defects by preventing, correcting, or drawing attention to human errors as they occur.
Gemba Walk
The practice of going to the 'real place' where work is done to observe processes first-hand. In supply chains, managers conduct Gemba Walks to identify issues in the workflow and improve operational efficiency.
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