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Transforming waste materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials.

Overseeing the process of handling returned items, including customer policies, restocking, and disposal.

The process of restoring used products to like-new condition.

Preventing unwanted returns by setting stringent return policies and inspection at entry points.

The process of sending defective or unsold products back to the original vendor rather than the end consumer.

Assessment of the environmental impacts associated with all stages of a product's life.

Outsourced companies that handle reverse logistics operations such as transportation, warehousing, and disposal.

Assessing the economic feasibility of reverse logistics operations, balancing the costs against the benefits.

The process of moving goods from their final destination for the purpose of capturing value or proper disposal.

Selling off excess, overstocked, or obsolete inventory typically at a significant discount.

Reducing the volume of returns through customer education and improved product quality.

A system of facilities and transportation options that manage the return, processing, and value recovery of products.

A supply chain system designed to optimize forward and reverse flows for maximum sustainability.

The proper disposal and recycling of electronic waste to prevent environmental damage and data breaches.

The process of obtaining usable value from returned or discarded products through reuse, resale, or recycling.

Repairing and cleaning a product to be used again without completely rebuilding it.

Recovering as much of the product or material value as possible, through refurbishing, recycling, or reselling.

The final placement or selling method of returned products, such as selling as second-hand, recycling, or destroying.

The selling of refurbished, used, or remanufactured products in markets outside of primary sales channels.