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Supply Chain Laws and Regulations
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Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002)
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act is designed to protect investors from fraudulent financial reporting by corporations. It has increased transparency in the financial supply chain, mandating stricter record-keeping and reporting standards.
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
Dodd-Frank Act aims to reduce financial risk in the commodity supply chain by imposing transparency and accountability requirements on financial services businesses, and by enhancing consumer protection within the financial products market.
Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT)
C-TPAT is a voluntary public-private sector partnership program which aims to strengthen international supply chains and improve United States border security. Compliance can lead to expedited cargo processing.
California Transparency in Supply Chains Act (2010)
This act requires companies to disclose the efforts they make to eradicate slavery and human trafficking from their direct supply chains. It affects supply chain visibility and social responsibility.
Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA)
DSCSA enhances the security of the pharmaceutical supply chain through requirements for traceability and verification systems aimed at detecting and preventing counterfeit drugs. This act increases costs for compliance but enhances patient safety.
Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)
FSMA focuses on preventing contamination in the food supply chain rather than responding to it. It gives the FDA new enforcement authorities to ensure higher food safety standards.
Economic Espionage Act of 1996 (EEA)
EEA deals with the theft or misappropriation of trade secrets, including supply chain information. It aims to protect U.S. economic interests by prohibiting the theft of trade secrets.
The Lacey Act
The Lacey Act combats illegal logging and the trade of wildlife by making it unlawful to trade plants and wildlife harvested in violation of laws. This affects the legality of certain goods in the supply chain.
Conflict Minerals Rule (Section 1502 of Dodd-Frank Act)
This rule requires companies to identify and disclose the use of conflict minerals (tantalum, tin, tungsten, and gold) originating from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and adjoining countries, impacting supply chain transparency and sourcing.
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA)
FCPA prohibits U.S. businesses and individuals from bribing foreign officials to gain a business advantage, affecting supply chain operations overseas by increasing the necessity for transparency and ethical practices.
Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) Regulations
FMC regulations govern U.S. international ocean transportation for exporters and importers, impacting container shipping, cruise line operations, and maritime supply chain relations.
International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)
ITAR controls the export and import of defense-related articles and services on the United States Munitions List (USML), impacting companies in the defense supply chain through compliance requirements.
Export Administration Regulations (EAR)
EAR controls the export of dual-use items, goods and technologies deemed likely to be used in a way that could have implications for national security or terrorism. This creates compliance obligations for export supply chains.
Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)
TSCA authorizes the EPA to regulate the production, import, use, and disposal of specific chemicals. Supply chains involving chemicals must adhere to documentation and testing requirements, impacting the availability and handling of certain products.
Clean Air Act
The act directs the EPA to regulate emissions of hazardous air pollutants that may have adverse effects on human health or the environment. Supply chains must evolve to reduce air pollution, affecting manufacturing and transportation sectors.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
RCRA governs the disposal of solid and hazardous waste, affecting waste management practices in the supply chain, particularly in production and distribution processes.
Electronic Fund Transfer Act (EFTA)
EFTA provides consumer protection during electronic payment processing in supply chains, such as credit transfers and debit card transactions, ensuring safety and compliance in financial operations.
Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA)
CPSIA enhances the regulatory and enforcement powers of the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to address the safety of products for children, impacting supply chain steps from manufacturing to sales.
Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
OSHA ensures safe and healthy working conditions by setting and enforcing standards, impacting supply chain operations by requiring compliance with safety regulations in warehouses and during transport.
Frankfurt Act (FA)
Although there isn't a well-known law called the 'Frankfurt Act' related to supply chain, this card serves as a reminder to verify the existence of regulations said to impact supply chain management.
Jones Act (Merchant Marine Act of 1920)
The Jones Act mandates that goods transported between U.S. ports must be carried on U.S.-flagged ships, which are built, owned, and operated by U.S. citizens. This impacts domestic supply chains by potentially increasing shipping costs.
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MSA)
The MSA governs marine fisheries management in U.S. federal waters, aiming to prevent overfishing and rebuild overfished stocks, which affects seafood supply chains and promotes sustainable fisheries practices.
Buy American Act
The Buy American Act requires U.S. federal government procurement to prefer U.S.-made products, influencing supply chains by potentially limiting sourcing options and encouraging domestic production.
Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (EU)
This EU directive aims to harmonize national measures concerning the management of packaging and packaging waste, affecting supply chains by enforcing recovery and recycling targets and design requirements.
Child Labour Due Diligence Law (The Netherlands)
This law requires companies to identify and prevent child labor in their supply chains. Impacts include the need for due diligence in sourcing materials and products, affecting operations, and potentially increasing costs.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) laws
CSR laws, which can vary by country, mandate or encourage businesses to conduct their operations in a socially responsible manner. This influences supply chains to consider ethical, environmental, and social factors in their operations.
Modern Slavery Act (UK)
The Modern Slavery Act requires organizations to disclose the steps they have taken to ensure their business and supply chains are free from modern slavery, impacting due diligence processes and transparency.
Data Protection Directives (EU)
EU directives on data protection, including the GDPR, regulate the processing of personal data within supply chains, impacting systems and procedures for handling personal information.
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act)
The FD&C Act regulates the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics in the U.S., impacting supply chains by imposing standards for the manufacture and distribution of these products.
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