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Uses metaphors to make complex health information more relatable and understandable; can be particularly effective when dealing with abstract concepts or behaviors.

Highlights the risks or costs of not performing a health behavior; tends to be more effective for detection behaviors like getting a mammogram for cancer screening.

Connects health behaviors to personal values or beliefs; often used in campaigns that target specific cultural or religious groups.

Emphasizes the benefits of performing a health behavior; particularly effective for prevention behaviors like wearing sunscreen to prevent skin cancer.

Uses the threat of negative outcomes to motivate behavior changes; effectiveness depends on perceived severity and susceptibility, as well as efficacy responses.

Relies on social norms to encourage health behaviors; effective when there is a strong group identity and peer pressure to conform.

Presents information in a balanced and unbiased manner; may be less persuasive but can be seen as more credible and ethical.

Presents a health behavior in comparison to other behaviors; may increase effectiveness by making the benefits of the promoted behavior more salient.

Utilizes positive emotions like hope or joy to motivate health behaviors; effective in creating an association between the behavior and positive feelings.