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Imposing one's will on the other. Can be effective in hierarchical cultures with clear power distances where authority is respected, like in Russia.

Focused, empathetic listening to understand and acknowledge others' perspectives. Effective in collaborative cultures valuing interpersonal relations, like Japan.

One party yields to the other's demands. This is generally effective in collectivist cultures that emphasize group harmony, like Korea.

Parties involved discuss to reach a mutually acceptable solution. Often used in individualistic cultures such as the United States.

A neutral third party facilitates dialogue between disputants. Particularly effective in societies with aversion to direct confrontation, such as the Netherlands.

Each party makes concessions to achieve a settlement. Works well where direct communication is valued but saving face is also important, like in Australia.

A method where parties come together to solve a problem collectively, effective in egalitarian cultures that encourage open dialogue, such as Canada.

Parties work together to find a creative solution satisfying all. It’s valued in cultures with a strong orientation towards teamwork, such as Sweden.

Ducking the conflict or withdrawing from it. Can be effective in high-context cultures where direct confrontation is frowned upon, such as Thailand.