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Intercultural Negotiation Tactics
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Individualism vs. Collectivism
Individualistic cultures (e.g., USA, UK) negotiate with a focus on individual goals, while collectivist cultures (e.g., Japan, Korea) emphasize group harmony and objectives.
Silence as a Tactic
Used differently across cultures: In some Asian cultures, silence can indicate contemplation and respect, whereas in Western cultures it might be interpreted as discomfort or disagreement.
Direct vs. Indirect Communication
Direct communication is straightforward and common in cultures like the USA and Germany. Indirect communication, preferred in cultures such as Japan and Britain, may use non-verbal cues to convey messages.
Power Distance
Refers to how much a culture respects hierarchy and authority in communication, impacting negotiation styles. High power distance cultures may defer to seniority while others expect egalitarian interactions.
Framing
The way information is presented in negotiations can influence perceptions and outcomes. Frames may be designed to resonate with cultural values and beliefs to be more persuasive.
Win-Win Situation
A negotiation strategy that aims for an agreement beneficial to all parties. Common in Western cultures, emphasizing equality and mutual benefit.
Saving Face
Critical in many Asian cultures; it involves maintaining respect and honor in negotiations. Avoiding direct conflict and confrontation preserves 'face' for all parties.
High vs. Low Context Communication
High-context cultures (e.g., Japan, Arab countries) rely on implicit communication and context, while low-context cultures (e.g., Germany, USA) prefer explicit, direct information exchange.
Monochronic vs. Polychronic Time
Monochronic cultures (e.g., Canada, Switzerland) value punctuality and strict scheduling in negotiations, while polychronic cultures (e.g., Mexico, Saudi Arabia) may have a more flexible approach to time.
Relationship Building
Prioritizing relationship over immediate outcomes is more common in long-term oriented cultures (e.g., China, Latin America) where business partnerships evolve over time.
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