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Famous Intercultural Theories
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Anxiety/Uncertainty Management Theory
William B. Gudykunst; A theory predicting that communication effectiveness and intercultural relationships are influenced by the management of uncertainty and anxiety.
Social Identity Theory
Henri Tajfel and John Turner; Posits that a person's sense of who they are is based on their group memberships, and it influences intergroup communication.
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Charles Berger and Richard Calabrese; A theory that focuses on how individuals monitor their social environment to reduce uncertainty during intercultural interactions.
Co-Cultural Theory
Mark Orbe; Examines the communication practices of culturally marginalized individuals and how they communicate with dominant groups.
Face Negotiation Theory
Stella Ting-Toomey; Describes how people from different cultures manage conflict negotiation to maintain 'face' or self-image.
Cultural Intelligence Theory
Earley and Ang; Suggests that understanding cultural norms and expectations, and adapting to them, is key to success in intercultural interactions.
Intercultural Praxis
Kathryn Sorrells; Provides a framework for critical reflection and action on power dynamics and positionalities in intercultural communications.
High-Context and Low-Context Cultures
Edward T. Hall; Categorizes cultures based on how explicit the messages exchanged are and the importance of context in communication.
Muted Group Theory
Cheris Kramarae; Suggests that underrepresented groups are often silenced and must change their communication to fit into the dominant culture's modes of expression.
Communication Accommodation Theory
Howard Giles; Explains why individuals adjust their communication behaviors to accommodate to others during social interaction and its role in intercultural communication.
Speech Act Theory
John Searle; Investigates the ways that utterances can achieve various actions in a communicative context, particularly across different cultures.
Standpoint Theory
Sandra Harding and Julia T. Wood; Considers how an individual's social position influences their perspectives and communication behavior, applicable to intercultural understanding.
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