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Interviewing Techniques for Journalists
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Open-ended Questions
Purpose: To elicit detailed responses and encourage interviewees to expand on their answers. Effectively used by giving the interviewee the freedom to express their thoughts without constraints.
Hypothetical Questions
Purpose: To encourage the interviewee to think beyond the present situation and speculate about different scenarios. Effectively used to reveal values, priorities, and hypothetical decision-making processes.
Follow-up Questions
Purpose: To delve deeper into a topic after an initial response and to clarify any points that are unclear. Effectively used to show engagement and ensure comprehensive understanding.
Mirror Questions
Purpose: To reflect the interviewee's last statement, encouraging them to elaborate or clarify. Effectively used to prompt further discussion without introducing new topics.
Leading Questions
Purpose: To subtly direct the interviewee's response in a particular direction. Effectively used with caution to explore a presumption or to steer the interview back on topic.
Probing Questions
Purpose: To explore a topic more deeply and uncover additional information that might not be volunteered initially. Effectively used after a general response has been given to gain more specific details.
Silence
Purpose: To give the interviewee time to think and often to prompt them to continue speaking or provide more information. Effectively used strategically to allow the interviewee's answer to probe deeper.
Clarification Questions
Purpose: To clear up any confusion or misunderstandings about previous statements. Effectively used to ensure the journalist and audience are on the same page as the interviewee.
Background or Fact-based Questions
Purpose: To collect concrete, factual information about a person, place, or event. Effectively used to provide context and grounding for the interview.
Closed-ended Questions
Purpose: To obtain specific information or confirm details in a clear and concise manner. Effectively used when needing quick and direct answers.
Emotional Questions
Purpose: To elicit an emotional response and connect the audience to the interviewee's personal experiences. Effectively used to humanize the story and create empathy.
Non-Verbal Cues
Purpose: To read the interviewee's body language and adjust interview strategy accordingly. Effectively used to build rapport and detect discomfort or eagerness to communicate.
Note-taking
Purpose: To record details of the conversation for accuracy in reporting. Effectively used when paired with active listening and when clarifying with the interviewee.
Neutral Language
Purpose: To avoid leading or biased language that could influence the interviewee's responses. Effectively used to maintain objectivity and ensure that responses are genuine.
Wrapping Up
Purpose: To summarize the main points and give the interviewee a chance to add anything else. Effectively used to ensure nothing important has been missed and to provide a sense of closure.
Funnel Sequence
Purpose: To start with broad questions and gradually narrow down to specific issues, guiding the interviewee toward a particular area of focus. Effectively used to organize the interview and build towards a target topic.
Confirming Information
Purpose: To verify facts and ensure the accuracy of the information gathered during the interview. Effectively used to avoid misinformation and maintain credibility.
Digging for Details
Purpose: To gather specific information that adds texture and clarity to the story. Effectively used to paint a vivid picture and provide a thorough account.
Confrontational Questions
Purpose: To challenge the interviewee on contradictions or controversial statements. Effectively used to hold interviewees accountable and provide a balanced perspective.
Direct Quotes
Purpose: To obtain an exact wording of the interviewee's thoughts or statements. Effectively used to provide authenticity and accuracy in reporting.
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