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Screenwriting Fundamentals

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Hook

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A compelling idea or element at the beginning of a story that grabs the audience's attention and creates intrigue about what will happen next.

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High Concept

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A storytelling hook or premise that is easily understood and has a wide, commercial appeal, often featuring a unique or imaginative twist.

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Treatment

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A detailed outline of a screenplay or project, often including scene-by-scene breakdowns, that may also convey the tone and style of the piece.

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Subplot

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A secondary storyline within a screenplay that supports or contrasts with the main plot, often involving supporting characters.

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Inciting Incident

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An event that sets the main plot into motion, disrupting the status quo and compelling the protagonist to take action.

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Slugline

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A line in a screenplay that describes the location and time of day of a scene, often formatted in all caps (e.g., INT. KITCHEN - DAY).

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Voiceover (VO)

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Narration by an unseen narrator, typically not part of the scene, used to provide context, background, or a character's thoughts.

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Flashback

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A non-linear narrative technique where a scene from the past is inserted into the current narrative to provide background or context for the story.

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Resolution

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The segment of a screenplay after the climax where the story's main conflicts are resolved and the story is brought to a close.

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Show, Don't Tell

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A principle advocating for the use of visual action and details to convey story elements rather than relying on exposition or dialogue.

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Logline

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A brief summary of a script or story that captures its essence and hook in one or two sentences. Used to pitch a script to producers or agents.

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MacGuffin

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An object, event, or character in a story that serves to trigger the plot and motivate the characters, but may have little to no explanation or relevance itself.

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Climax

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The point of highest tension in a screenplay where the protagonist faces the ultimate conflict or challenge, often determining the story outcome.

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Denouement

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The resolution or conclusion of a story where the plot's conflicts are resolved and the audience sees the outcome of the characters' journeys.

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Dialogue

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The spoken words written by the screenwriter that characters express in a screenplay, contributing to their development and advancing the plot.

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Genre

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The category of a screenplay that shapes the story and informs the audience's expectations, such as comedy, drama, thriller, or science fiction.

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Reversal

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A point in a screenplay where a character's situation changes dramatically in the opposite direction, often shifting audience expectations and heightening dramatic tension.

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Antagonist

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The character, force, or obstacle that opposes the protagonist and creates conflict in the narrative.

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Three-Act Structure

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A model that divides a screenplay into three parts: Setup (Act I), Confrontation (Act II), and Resolution (Act III), forming the foundation of a story's narrative.

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Format

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The structured framework and style in which a screenplay is written, including elements like font, margins, and spacing, to ensure industry standards are met.

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Montage

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A series of short scenes or images that are edited together to condense space, time, and information for dramatic or narrative purposes.

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Beat

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A moment in a scene indicating a pause or a shift in the dynamics or emotion, often used to heighten dramatic tension or show a character decision.

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Spec Script

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A speculative screenplay written without a commission or contract, with the hope of being sold or used as a writing sample.

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Protagonist

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The main character around whom the story revolves and with whom the audience is meant to identify, often facing challenges and undergoing significant change.

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Fade In/Fade Out

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Visual transitions where a scene either gradually comes into visibility (Fade In) or goes to black (Fade Out), often used to signify the beginning or end of a sequence.

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