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The amount of time the camera's shutter is open to expose the sensor to light, impacting motion blur and exposure.

A camera function that allows continuous shooting of multiple images in quick succession, often used in action or sports photography.

Taking multiple photos of the same subject at different exposure levels to ensure at least one of them is correctly exposed, or for HDR imaging.

The distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, determining the angle of view and magnification of the image.

A graphical representation of the tonal distribution in a photograph, displaying the frequency of different brightness levels.

A compositional principle that breaks an image into thirds, horizontally and vertically, suggesting placement of subjects along these lines or their intersections.

A measure of the width of the opening in the lens that light passes through, affecting depth of field and exposure.

The range of brightness levels that a camera can capture, from the darkest shadows to the brightest highlights.

The aesthetic quality of the blur in out-of-focus areas of a photograph, often created by points of light or background highlights.

A characteristic of visible light that has important applications in lighting, photography, videography, publishing, manufacturing, astrophysics, and more.

The distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera.

Adjustment of the color balance in an image so that white objects appear white under varying lighting conditions.

Technology in lenses or camera bodies that reduces blurring associated with the motion of a camera during exposure.

The level of sensitivity of your camera to available light, affecting image noise and exposure.

A file format that captures all image data as captured by the camera sensor without processing, allowing more flexibility in post-production.

A common compressed image file format that uses lossy compression to reduce file size, sacrificing some image quality.

RAW files contain all data from the sensor without processing, better for editing; JPEG files are compressed with some quality loss, convenient for sharing.

A filter that reduces the intensity of all wavelengths or colors of light equally, allowing for longer exposure times or wider apertures.

An accessory that attaches to the front of the lens to block unwanted light, preventing glare and lens flare.

A lens defect that causes colors to not converge at the same point, resulting in a color fringe around high-contrast edges.

An optical window on the camera that the photographer looks through to compose, and in many cases, to focus the photograph.

The relationship between aperture, shutter speed, and ISO sensitivity that determines the exposure of a photograph.

A camera setting that allows the photographer to adjust the exposure measured by the camera's light meter, usually in increments of stops.

The difference in luminance or color that makes an object distinguishable from other objects and the background.