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Automotive Industry Jargon
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OEM
Original Equipment Manufacturer, a company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.
ICE
Internal Combustion Engine, a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber.
MPG
Miles Per Gallon, a measure of how far a vehicle can travel on a gallon of fuel.
VIN
Vehicle Identification Number, a unique code used to identify individual motor vehicles.
AWD
All-Wheel Drive, a drivetrain system that allows all four wheels of a vehicle to receive torque from the engine simultaneously.
ABS
Anti-lock Braking System, a safety anti-skid braking system used on aircraft and on land vehicles, such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses.
CRS
Child Restraint System, any device designed to protect children from injury or death during vehicle collisions.
CVT
Continuously Variable Transmission, an automatic transmission that can change seamlessly through a continuous range of effective gear ratios.
DRL
Daytime Running Lights, lights that are automatically switched on when a vehicle is moving forward, emitting white, yellow, or amber light to increase the visibility of the vehicle during daylight conditions.
ECU
Engine Control Unit, an electronic control unit that controls a series of actuators on an internal combustion engine to ensure optimal engine performance.
EV
Electric Vehicle, a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion.
FWD
Front-Wheel Drive, a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only.
GVWR
Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, the maximum operating weight/mass of a vehicle as specified by the manufacturer including the vehicle's chassis, body, engine, engine fluids, fuel, accessories, driver, passengers, and cargo but excluding that of any trailers.
HEV
Hybrid Electric Vehicle, a type of vehicle that uses a conventional internal combustion engine system together with an electric propulsion system.
LATCH
Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children, a standardized system used to secure child safety car seats in vehicles.
MSRP
Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price, the amount of money the producer of a product recommends it be sold for in retail stores.
PHEV
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle with batteries that can be recharged by plugging into an external source of electric power as well as by its on-board engine and generator.
RWD
Rear-Wheel Drive, a type of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles where the rear wheels receive power from the engine via the driveshaft.
SUV
Sport Utility Vehicle, a category of motor vehicles that combine elements of road-going passenger cars with features from off-road vehicles, like raised ground clearance and four-wheel drive.
TPMS
Tire Pressure Monitoring System, an electronic system designed to monitor the air pressure inside the pneumatic tires on various types of vehicles.
ULEV
Ultra-Low Emission Vehicle, a classification by the Environmental Protection Agency for vehicles with 50% cleaner emissions than the average for new cars released in the model year.
VIN Decoder
A tool that interprets the information contained within a vehicle's VIN (Vehicle Identification Number).
WLTP
Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure, a global standard for determining the levels of pollutants, CO2 emissions, and fuel consumption of traditional and hybrid cars, as well as the range of fully electric vehicles.
ZF Transmission
A brand of automatic and manual transmissions built by the German ZF Friedrichshafen AG engineering company.
Downforce
The downward pressure created by the aerodynamic characteristics of a car that allows it to travel faster through a corner by increasing the vertical force on the tires, hence increasing grip.
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