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A control technique where the lead compensator can increase the stability or speed of response of a system, while a lag compensator can reduce steady-state error.

A type of control where the controller is designed to achieve the desired response in minimal time steps, making the system reach the setpoint and stay there without any further dynamics.

A control algorithm that uses the state of the system to provide feedback to meet the control objectives. It relies on the accurate knowledge of all the current state variables of the system.

A method where the controller parameters are adjusted in real-time based on the process performance. This type of control is useful for systems with changing characteristics or where the environment is dynamic and unpredictable.

A control methodology that incorporates a dead zone in which no control action occurs. This method prevents too frequent switching in response to small changes near the setpoint, and is commonly used with on-off or bang-bang control.

A control technique that alters the dynamics of a nonlinear system by forcing the system to 'slide' along a cross-section of the system's normal behavior.

A control strategy that bases the control action on the disturbance directly, rather than on the error signal as in feedback control. It anticipates the need for control rather than reacting after the error has been detected.

A technique used when a single controller cannot provide optimal control across the entire operating range. Different sets of controller parameters (gains) are used depending on the operating point.

A simple control strategy that switches the control output fully on or off to move the process variable toward the setpoint. There is no intermediate state, which can cause oscillation around the setpoint.

A feedback control loop mechanism widely used in industrial control systems. A PID Controller continuously calculates an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint and a measured process variable and applies a correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms.

An advanced method of process control that uses a dynamic model of the process to predict and optimize control actions.

A control strategy involving two or more controllers where one controller's setpoint is regulated by another. It is an effective method for controlling processes with slow dynamics, by using an inner controller with faster dynamics.

A mathematical optimization method for determining a control policy for a dynamical system such that a certain optimality criterion is achieved. It often involves calculating the control that will minimize or maximize a cost function over time.

A control approach designed to achieve stability and performance in the presence of bounded model uncertainties and disturbances. These controllers are designed to be effective across a range of models and real-life variations from the nominal model.