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State Space Representation
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State Vector
A vector consisting of state variables that represent the system at a given time. It is used in state space representation to describe the system's status.
Control Input
A vector of inputs into the system that can be manipulated to affect the state of the system.
Output Vector
A vector of outputs that the system produces, which are typically what we want to control or monitor.
State Space Model
A mathematical framework used for modeling and analyzing dynamic systems, where state variables describe the system's status at any given time.
State Transition Matrix
A matrix that describes how the state of a system evolves from one state to the next in discrete or continuous time.
System Dynamics
The study of how system states evolve over time, which in state space representation is described by differential or difference equations.
Controllability
A property indicating whether it is possible to move the system from any initial state to any final state within a finite time span, using appropriate control inputs.
Observability
A property that determines if the current state of a system can be determined over time by only looking at the outputs.
Stability
A characteristic of a system that indicates whether its state variables will converge to a fixed point over time or not.
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
In the context of control systems, they represent critical values that can determine the system stability and response characteristics.
Transfer Function
A function that describes the relationship between input and output in the Laplace domain, used to analyze the behavior of linear time-invariant systems.
Lyapunov's Direct Method
A method for determining the stability of a system by constructing a Lyapunov function, which is a scalar function of the state that decreases along system trajectories.
Bode Plot
A graphical method for displaying the frequency response of a system, which can help in understanding the stability and the time domain behavior of the system.
Pole Placement
A control strategy in which the poles of a closed-loop transfer function are assigned to specific locations in the complex plane to achieve desired response characteristics.
Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR)
An optimal control strategy that minimizes a cost function usually composed of state and control variables to achieve an optimal trajectory.
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