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Fault tolerance is the ability of a real-time control system to continue operation, possibly at a reduced level, rather than failing completely when some part of the system fails. It's critical for ensuring continuous system operation, especially in mission-critical applications.

Task scheduling in real-time control systems involves assigning priority to tasks and ensuring they execute within their deadlines. It’s essential for preventing deadline misses and maintaining system predictability, critical in applications like automotive controls or medical systems.

Deadline handling means ensuring that real-time tasks complete within their specified time constraints. It's a critical aspect because failing to meet deadlines can lead to catastrophic consequences in systems like aviation controls or automated industrial processes.

Jitter in real-time control systems is the variation in latency or time delay in delivering data packets or executing tasks. It's critical because excessive jitter can lead to unexpected behavior, affecting the performance and stability of control loops.

Synchronization in real-time control systems refers to the coordination of time-dependent processes to work in unison. It's critical for ensuring coherent operations among multiple tasks or components, which is especially important in distributed systems and processes that depend on the same time frame.

Resource allocation in real-time control systems is the distribution of limited resources, such as CPU time, memory, and I/O, to tasks. Effective resource allocation is critical because it enables the simultaneous satisfaction of multiple task requirements, which is a cornerstone for multitasking real-time systems.

Latency is the time taken for a task or data packet to travel from source to destination. In real-time applications, low and consistent latency is crucial because it affects the system's ability to respond to real-time events and control outcomes effectively.

An RTOS is designed to handle events and tasks within a tight timing constraint reliably. It's a fundamental element in real-time control systems, providing the necessary services, including multi-threading, and scheduling to ensure timely task management.

Determinism in real-time control systems refers to the property that actions in the system occur in a predictable, non-random manner within defined time constraints. It is critical as it ensures that all system responses are consistent and predictable, which is vital for the safety and reliability of time-sensitive applications.