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Types of Control Systems

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Open Loop Control System

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An open loop control system acts without feedback; it is simple and less expensive. An example is a central heating furnace.

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Closed Loop Control System

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A closed loop control system uses feedback to control states or outputs of a dynamical system. An example is an Air Conditioner equipped with a thermostat.

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Linear Control System

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A linear control system has a principle of superposition holding, and its behavior is described by linear differential equations. Example: Cruise control in vehicles.

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Nonlinear Control System

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Nonlinear control systems do not follow the superposition principle and are described by nonlinear equations. Example: A robotic arm with complex motion patterns.

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Time-Invariant Control System

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Time-Invariant systems have system dynamics that do not change over time. Example: Most household appliances like washers or ovens.

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Time-Variant Control System

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In Time-Variant systems, the system's characteristics change over time. Example: Stock market prediction algorithms.

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Adaptive Control System

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Adaptive control systems adjust their parameters based on the changes in the external environment and the system. An example is a modern autopilot system in aircraft.

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Robust Control System

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Robust control systems maintain performance in the presence of uncertainties within set bounds. Example: Control systems in nuclear reactors.

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Digital Control System

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Digital control systems use digital computers to perform control actions, usually for discretized models. Example: Digital thermostats.

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Analog Control System

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Analog control systems use analog electronic devices to manipulate continuous control signals. Example: Early generation temperature controllers.

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