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Control Loop Components

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Comparator

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Compares the setpoint with the actual process variable and generates an error signal that is used to drive the system towards its setpoint.

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Sensor/Transducer

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Measures the actual value of the process variable and converts it to a signal that can be used by the control system.

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Controller

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Processes the error signal and generates a control signal to drive the actuator in a way that minimizes the error by adjusting the process variable.

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Setpoint

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The value the control system strives to attain. It serves as a reference for the control system and is compared with the process variable to determine action.

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Feedforward Control

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A control strategy that anticipates process disturbances by monitoring external variables and takes preemptive action to mitigate their impact.

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Actuator

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The device that receives the control signal and physically changes the process variable within the system.

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Feedback Loop

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The path that the process variable value follows to be fed back into the control system for comparison with the setpoint and subsequent error correction.

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Process Variable

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The actual measured value in the process that is being controlled, which is compared to the setpoint to determine deviation.

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Process

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The operation or sequence of operations being controlled. The process interacts with the control system via the process variable.

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Disturbance

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An external or internal factor that causes the process variable to deviate from the setpoint, often leading to control actions to correct the deviation.

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