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Blood Disorders

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Leukemia

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Symptoms: Fatigue, fever, frequent infections, and bleeding easily. Treatment: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant.

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Hemophilia

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Symptoms: Excessive bleeding, large bruises, joint pain and swelling. Treatment: Clotting factor replacements, desmopressin, and sometimes gene therapy.

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Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

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Symptoms: Swelling, pain, redness in a leg or arm. Treatment: Blood thinners, compression stockings, thrombectomy in severe cases.

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Polycythemia Vera

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Symptoms: Headaches, dizziness, itchiness, especially after a hot shower. Treatment: Phlebotomy, medication to reduce blood thickness, radiation therapy.

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Aplastic Anemia

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Symptoms: Fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding. Treatment: Blood transfusions, bone marrow transplant, immunosuppressive medications.

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Iron Deficiency Anemia

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Symptoms: Extreme fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath. Treatment: Iron supplements, dietary changes, intravenous iron for severe cases.

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Anemia

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Symptoms: Fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath. Treatment: Dietary supplements, medications to boost red blood cell production, transfusions.

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Sickle Cell Disease

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Symptoms: Painful episodes, swelling in hands and feet, frequent infections. Treatment: Pain management, hydroxyurea, blood transfusions, stem cell transplant.

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Thalassemia

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Symptoms: Fatigue, weakness, pale or yellowish skin. Treatment: Blood transfusions, chelation therapy, bone marrow transplant.

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Von Willebrand Disease

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Symptoms: Excessive bleeding from cuts or injuries, nosebleeds, heavy menstrual periods. Treatment: Desmopressin, clotting factor concentrates, birth control pills for women.

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Lymphoma

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Symptoms: Swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, fever, night sweats. Treatment: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant.

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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)

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Symptoms: Easy bruising, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, petechiae. Treatment: Steroids, immune globulin, splenectomy if chronic.

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Multiple Myeloma

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Symptoms: Bone pain, fatigue, frequent infections. Treatment: Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant, bisphosphonates for bone strength.

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Hemochromatosis

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Symptoms: Joint pain, abdominal pain, fatigue, weakness. Treatment: Phlebotomy, chelation therapy, dietary modifications.

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Myelodysplastic Syndromes

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Symptoms: Fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising or bleeding. Treatment: Blood transfusions, chemotherapy, bone marrow transplant.

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Hemolytic Anemia

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Symptoms: Jaundice, dark urine, fatigue, and an enlarged spleen. Treatment: Treating underlying disease, immunosuppressive drugs, splenectomy.

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Neutropenia

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Symptoms: Frequent or severe infections, fever, mouth ulcers. Treatment: Antibiotics, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), bone marrow transplant.

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Gaucher's Disease

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Symptoms: Enlarged liver and spleen, bone pain, fatigue, anemia. Treatment: Enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, pain management.

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Essential Thrombocythemia

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Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, bleeding or clotting episodes. Treatment: Medications to reduce platelet count, blood thinners, and occasional platelet pheresis.

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Fanconi Anemia

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Symptoms: Fatigue, shortness of breath, abnormal physical characteristics. Treatment: Blood transfusions, bone marrow transplant, growth factor therapy.

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G6PD Deficiency

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Symptoms: Fatigue, jaundice, dark urine, especially after certain medications or foods. Treatment: Avoidance of triggering substances, managing infections, blood transfusions when necessary.

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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)

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Symptoms: Blood in urine, abdominal pain, severe fatigue, shortness of breath. Treatment: Eculizumab, iron supplementation, stem cell transplant.

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Hypereosinophilic Syndrome

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Symptoms: Skin rash, fever, cough, muscle aches. Treatment: Steroids, chemotherapy drugs, and targeted therapy like tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

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Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia

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Symptoms: Bleeding from the gums or nose, vision problems, headaches. Treatment: Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, plasmapheresis.

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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

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Symptoms: Jaundice, dark urine, fever, abdominal pain. Treatment: Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, splenectomy, rituximab.

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Pernicious Anemia

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Symptoms: Muscle weakness, numbness and tingling in hands and feet, difficulty walking. Treatment: Vitamin B12 injections or supplements.

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Diamond-Blackfan Anemia

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Symptoms: Fatigue, shortness of breath, irregular facial features, and growth retardation. Treatment: Corticosteroids, blood transfusions, bone marrow transplant.

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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

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Symptoms: Swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, susceptibility to infections. Treatment: Watchful waiting for early stages, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy for advanced stages.

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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

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Symptoms: Fatigue, fever, frequent infections, bone pain. Treatment: Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplant, targeted therapy.

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Megaloblastic Anemia

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Symptoms: Fatigue, pale skin, gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle weakness. Treatment: Vitamin B12 and/or folate supplementation depending on cause.

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Cold Agglutinin Disease

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Symptoms: Cold hands and feet, fatigue, paleness or jaundice, dark urine. Treatment: Avoiding cold temperatures, blood transfusions, medications like rituximab.

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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency

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Symptoms: Neonatal jaundice, hemolytic anemia after certain triggers. Treatment: Avoiding trigger substances (such as fava beans and certain drugs), managing acute episodes with supportive care.

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Hereditary Spherocytosis

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Symptoms: Anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, gallstones. Treatment: Folic acid supplementation, splenectomy, blood transfusions.

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Acquired Hemophilia

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Symptoms: Unexplained bleeding, especially in muscles and skin, prolonged bleeding after injuries or surgery. Treatment: Factor VIII inhibitors, immunosuppressants, rituximab.

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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

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Symptoms: Fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, splenomegaly. Treatment: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, chemotherapy, allogenic stem cell transplant.

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Pure Red Cell Aplasia

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Symptoms: Severe anemia, fatigue, lethargy, pallor. Treatment: Blood transfusions, immunosuppressive therapy, treatment of underlying conditions.

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