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A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body.

Tests and procedures used to detect cancer at an early stage before symptoms appear in hopes of increasing chances for successful treatment.

The scientific study of disease and is instrumental in diagnosis, monitoring progression, and assessing treatment efficacy in cancer.

The susceptibility of cancer cells, tissues, or tumors to radiation, used to predict the effectiveness of radiation therapy.

A biological molecule found in blood, other body fluids, or tissues that is a sign of a normal or abnormal process, or of a condition or disease, such as cancer.

A type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to destroy cancer cells by stopping them from growing and dividing.

A gene that in certain circumstances can transform a cell into a tumor cell.

An abnormal mass of tissue that may be benign or malignant and can grow in any part of the body.

The process of determining the extent to which a cancer has developed by spreading.

The study of cells, including their function, structure, and life cycle, frequently used in cancer diagnostics to examine cell samples for abnormalities.

Another term for radiation therapy, which uses ionizing radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.

A type of cancer that starts in cells that make up the skin or the tissue lining organs, such as the liver or kidneys.

A doctor who specializes in treating cancer and provides medical care for a person diagnosed with cancer.

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, which can sometimes precede cancer development.

Refers to a condition, tumor, or growth that is not cancerous and does not spread to other parts of the body.

Treatment given prior to the main treatment, such as chemotherapy or radiation given before surgery to shrink a tumor.

Substances, often proteins, that are produced by cancer cells or by the body in response to cancer, which can be used to help diagnose and manage cancer.

The branch of medicine that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

A medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination to determine the presence or extent of disease.

A type of cancer that begins in bone or in the soft tissues of the body, including muscle, fat, blood vessels, lymph vessels, and fibrous tissue.

A treatment that uses high-energy radiation to shrink tumors and kill cancer cells.

Refers to agents or processes that are toxic to cells, such as chemotherapy drugs which can kill or damage cells.

A type of cancer treatment that targets the changes in cancer cells that help them grow, divide, and spread.

Any therapy used in the treatment of cancer, which can include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and more.

Having the potential to cause cancer.

The presence of abnormal cells within a tissue or organ, which may signify a precancerous state.

A gene that protects a cell from one step on the path to cancer, and when this is mutated, it can lead to cancer.

The process through which new blood vessels form, which can allow tumors to grow and metastasize by supplying nutrients and oxygen.

The process by which normal cells are transformed into cancer cells.

A type of cancer treatment that helps your immune system fight cancer.

A normal gene that can become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression, potentially leading to cancer.

Additional cancer treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer will come back.

A type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, characterized by an overproduction of white blood cells.

A treatment method that decreases the production of hormones or blocks their action to stop or slow down the growth of cancer cells.

A period in which the signs and symptoms of cancer are reduced or disappear; it can be partial or complete.

Specialized medical care for people with serious illnesses like cancer, focusing on providing relief from the symptoms and stress of the illness.

Another term for a tumor, indicating an abnormal growth of tissue.

A process of programmed cell death which, when disrupted, may lead to cancer.

The branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of blood diseases, including various forms of leukemia and lymphoma.

A type of cancer that usually begins in the melanocytes, the cells that produce the pigment melanin which colors the skin, eyes, and hair.

A virus that infects and breaks down cancer cells without causing disease in healthy cells.

The phase of cancer care that focuses on the health and life of a person with cancer post-treatment, including physical, psychological, and social issues.

A lack of differentiation of cells often characteristic of aggressive cancerous tumors.

A scale that measures the ability of cancer patients to perform ordinary tasks, with higher scores indicating greater ability to carry out daily activities.

A type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is part of the immune system and includes the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, and bone marrow.

The spread of cancer cells from the place where they first formed to another part of the body.

Any substance that can cause or contribute to the formation of cancer.

The resistance that cancer cells or tumors exhibit to radiation therapy, often necessitating higher doses or different treatment methods.