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Types of Bacteria

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Salmonella spp.

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Diseases: Salmonellosis, typhoid fever Resistance Features: Multidrug resistance plasmids, efflux pumps

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Staphylococcus aureus

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Diseases: Staphylococcal infections, MRSA Resistance Features: Beta-lactamase production, altered penicillin-binding proteins

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Escherichia coli

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Diseases: Urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis Resistance Features: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), Fluoroquinolone resistance

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Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Diseases: Pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media Resistance Features: Altered penicillin-binding proteins, efflux pump overexpression

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Klebsiella pneumoniae

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Diseases: Pneumonia, bloodstream infections, urinary tract infections Resistance Features: Carbapenemases production (e.g., KPC), ESBLs

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Treponema pallidum

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Diseases: Syphilis Resistance Features: Low metabolic rate, reduced peptidoglycan layer

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Francisella tularensis

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Diseases: Tularemia Resistance Features: Intracellular survival, resistance to chemical and physical agents

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Chlamydia trachomatis

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Diseases: Chlamydia, trachoma Resistance Features: Intracellular lifestyle, evasion of host defenses

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Haemophilus influenzae

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Diseases: Meningitis, otitis media, epiglottitis Resistance Features: Beta-lactamase production, altered penicillin-binding proteins

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Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis

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Diseases: Urinary tract infections, endocarditis, biliary tree infections Resistance Features: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), thick cell wall, biofilm formation

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Campylobacter jejuni

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Diseases: Campylobacteriosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome Resistance Features: Multidrug resistance, efflux pumps, mutation in target proteins

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Diseases: Tuberculosis Resistance Features: Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), extensive drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB)

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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Diseases: Gonorrhea Resistance Features: Beta-lactamase production, altered penicillin-binding proteins, efflux pumps

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Neisseria meningitidis

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Diseases: Meningococcal meningitis, septicemia Resistance Features: Penicillin resistance, vaccination available

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Clostridioides difficile

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Diseases: Antibiotic-associated diarrhea, pseudomembranous colitis Resistance Features: Spore formation, antibiotic resistance genes

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Coxiella burnetii

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Diseases: Q fever Resistance Features: Endospore-like resistance, intracellular survival

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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Diseases: Atypical pneumonia Resistance Features: Lack of cell wall, antigenic variation

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Yersinia pestis

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Diseases: Plague Resistance Features: Antiphagocytic capsule, type III secretion system

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Shigella spp.

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Diseases: Shigellosis, bacillary dysentery Resistance Features: Multidrug resistance, plasmid-encoded resistance

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Gardnerella vaginalis

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Diseases: Bacterial vaginosis Resistance Features: Biofilm formation, adherence to epithelial cells

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Streptococcus pyogenes

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Diseases: Strep throat, rheumatic fever, necrotizing fasciitis Resistance Features: Hyaluronic acid capsule, M protein, streptokinase production

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Lactobacillus species

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Diseases: Rarely pathogenic, can cause bacteremia or endocarditis in immunocompromised individuals Resistance Features: Generally sensitive to antibiotics, some species have intrinsic resistance to vancomycin

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Borrelia burgdorferi

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Diseases: Lyme disease Resistance Features: Antigenic variation, ability to evade the immune response

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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Diseases: Hospital-acquired infections, cystic fibrosis lung infections Resistance Features: Multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, efflux pumps

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Acinetobacter baumannii

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Diseases: Hospital-acquired infections, pneumonia, bloodstream infections Resistance Features: Multidrug resistance, surface polysaccharide alterations, efflux pumps

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Helicobacter pylori

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Diseases: Gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer Resistance Features: Urease production, biofilm formation, efflux pumps

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Bacillus anthracis

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Diseases: Anthrax Resistance Features: Capsule, toxin production, naturally occurring strains with antibiotic resistance

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Vibrio cholerae

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Diseases: Cholera Resistance Features: Toxin production, persistence in aquatic environments

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Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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Diseases: Diphtheria Resistance Features: Toxin production, lysogenic bacteriophage

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Brucella spp.

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Diseases: Brucellosis Resistance Features: Intracellular survival, inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion

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Propionibacterium acnes

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Diseases: Acne vulgaris Resistance Features: Biofilm formation, slow growth

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Legionella pneumophila

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Diseases: Legionnaires' disease, Pontiac fever Resistance Features: Intracellular growth, survival in protozoa, resistance to standard water disinfection

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Leptospira interrogans

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Diseases: Leptospirosis Resistance Features: Spirochete motility, survival in water

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Rickettsia rickettsii

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Diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever Resistance Features: Intracellular survival, evasion of host immune response

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Listeria monocytogenes

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Diseases: Listeriosis Resistance Features: Ability to survive in cold temperatures, intracellular growth

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Bordetella pertussis

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Diseases: Whooping cough Resistance Features: Toxin production, adherence factors

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Streptococcus agalactiae

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Diseases: Neonatal infections, meningitis, sepsis Resistance Features: Capsular polysaccharide, CAMP factor, beta-hemolysis

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