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Nutrition and Diets
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Macronutrients
Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. They are essential for energy, growth, and body functions. Imbalanced intake can lead to obesity or malnutrition.
Micronutrients
Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals required in smaller quantities. They are critical for proper body functioning, and deficiencies can lead to various health issues.
Probiotics
Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are beneficial for digestive health. They may enhance immune function and prevent gastrointestinal infections.
Prebiotics
Prebiotics are non-digestible fibers that feed probiotics. They help in maintaining gut health and can enhance the absorption of minerals.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants are compounds that protect the body from damage caused by free radicals. They can prevent oxidative stress linked to chronic diseases.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fats important for heart and brain health. They can reduce inflammation and risk of chronic diseases.
Glycemic Index
The glycemic index is a measure of how quickly foods cause increases in blood glucose levels. Low-GI diets can help with diabetes management and weight control.
Trans Fats
Trans fats are unsaturated fats that have been hydrogenated and are linked to increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in blood. While needed for building cells, too much can lead to heart disease.
Dietary Fiber
Dietary fiber refers to plant-based carbohydrates that cannot be digested. It benefits digestive health and can reduce the risk of heart disease.
Saturated Fats
Saturated fats are found in animal products and some plant oils and should be consumed in moderation to reduce the risk of heart disease.
Vegan Diet
A vegan diet excludes all animal products. It requires careful planning to ensure all nutritional needs are met.
Ketogenic Diet
The ketogenic diet is high in fats and low in carbohydrates, forcing the body to burn fats for energy. It has been used to manage epilepsy and obesity.
Gluten
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. It can cause health problems in individuals with gluten sensitivities or celiac disease.
Paleo Diet
The Paleo Diet emphasizes eating foods that were presumably available to humans in the Paleolithic era. It focuses on lean meats, fish, fruits, vegetables, and nuts.
Intermittent Fasting
Intermittent fasting alternates between periods of eating and fasting. It may lead to weight loss and improved metabolic health.
Mediterranean Diet
The Mediterranean Diet is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, olive oil, and fish. It's associated with a lower risk of heart disease and enhanced longevity.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is important for bone health and immune function. Deficiency can lead to weakened bones and increased risk of infections.
Calcium
Calcium is necessary for strong bones and teeth, muscle function, and nerve signaling. Insufficient intake can lead to osteoporosis and other health issues.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Body Mass Index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. It is a simple screening tool for categorizing weight, but it has limitations.
Whole Foods
Whole foods are foods that are minimally processed and free from additives. Consuming a diet rich in whole foods can improve health and prevent disease.
Plant-Based Diet
A plant-based diet emphasizes foods derived from plants, including vegetables, grains, nuts, and fruits, and it can lead to improved health outcomes.
Iron
Iron is a mineral essential for blood production and oxygen transport. Iron deficiency can cause anemia and fatigue.
Processed Foods
Processed foods have been altered in some way during preparation. They often contain added sugars, unhealthy fats, and preservatives.
Balanced Diet
A balanced diet provides the necessary nutrients in the right proportions. It can support overall health and reduce the risk of diseases.
Fasting
Fasting is the voluntary abstinence from food and drink. It is practiced for various reasons, including health, religious, or medical purposes.
B Vitamins
B vitamins are a group of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and energy production. Deficiency can affect energy levels and cognitive function.
Obesity
Obesity is a condition characterized by excess body fat. It increases the risk of numerous health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
Protein Quality
Protein quality refers to the digestibility and variety of amino acids present in protein. Higher quality proteins are more beneficial for health.
Organic Foods
Organic foods are grown without synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, or genetically modified organisms (GMOs). They can reduce exposure to harmful substances.
Food Fortification
Food fortification is the process of adding micronutrients to foods. It is used to prevent or correct a widespread nutrient deficiency.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are a macronutrient that are the body's primary energy source. They consist of sugars, starches, and fiber.
Proteins
Proteins are essential macronutrients made of amino acids. They are necessary for tissue repair, hormone production, and other body functions.
Lipids
Lipids, including fats and oils, are a group of insoluble macronutrients that serve as energy stores, insulate the body, and protect organs.
Energy Density
Energy density refers to the number of calories in a given volume of food. High-energy-density foods can contribute to weight gain.
Nutrient Density
Nutrient density refers to the amount of nutrients in a given volume of food. Foods high in nutrient density are considered healthier choices.
Functional Foods
Functional foods contain added ingredients that offer health benefits beyond basic nutrition, such as promoting heart health or improving digestion.
Hydration
Hydration refers to the body's fluid balance. Adequate hydration is essential for bodily functions and can prevent health problems like dehydration.
Zinc
Zinc is a trace mineral important for immune function, wound healing, and DNA synthesis. Zinc deficiency can impair immune response.
Monounsaturated Fats
Monounsaturated fats are healthy dietary fats found in olive oil and avocados. They can improve heart health by reducing bad cholesterol levels.
Polyunsaturated Fats
Polyunsaturated fats are found in fish, nuts, and seeds. They include essential fatty acids, like omega-3s, and can protect against heart disease.
Sugar Alcohols
Sugar alcohols are sweeteners that have fewer calories than sugar. They can cause digestive issues when consumed in large amounts.
Soluble Fiber
Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can help lower cholesterol and glucose levels. It is found in oats, legumes, and fruits.
Insoluble Fiber
Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and helps food pass more quickly through the digestive system. It is found in whole grains and vegetables.
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