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Famous Treaties and Declarations
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Treaty of Versailles
Year Signed: 1919; Key Terms: Held Germany responsible for WWI, imposed reparations, and redrew the map of Europe.
Magna Carta
Year Signed: 1215; Key Terms: Limited the powers of the English monarch, established habeas corpus, and the right to a fair trial.
Declaration of Independence
Year Signed: 1776; Key Terms: Announced the 13 American colonies' separation from British rule, natural rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Year Signed: 1494; Key Terms: Agreement between Spain and Portugal, dividing newly discovered lands outside Europe.
Treaty of Westphalia
Year Signed: 1648; Key Terms: Ended the Thirty Years' War, established the concept of nation-states, sovereignty of states.
Camp David Accords
Year Signed: 1978; Key Terms: Peace agreement between Egypt and Israel, Israel agreed to withdraw from Sinai Peninsula.
Treaty of Nanking
Year Signed: 1842; Key Terms: Ended the First Opium War, ceded Hong Kong to Britain, opened up new ports for trade.
Treaty of Waitangi
Year Signed: 1840; Key Terms: Agreement between the British Crown and Maori chiefs, Maori ceded sovereignty in return for protection.
Congress of Vienna
Year Convened: 1814-1815; Key Terms: Balancing the powers in Europe post-Napoleonic Wars, restoring monarchies, redrawing European borders.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Year Signed: 1848; Key Terms: Ended the Mexican-American War, Mexico ceded huge territories to the US, including California and New Mexico.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Year Signed: 1918; Key Terms: Treaty between the Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers, Russia exited WWI, lost substantial territories.
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Year Signed: 1928; Key Terms: Renunciation of war as a national policy, international agreement to peaceful conflict resolution.
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Year Signed: 1763; Key Terms: Ended the Seven Years' War, France ceded Canada and lands east of the Mississippi River to Britain.
Treaty of Ghent
Year Signed: 1814; Key Terms: Ended the War of 1812 between the US and Britain, restored pre-war borders, no territorial changes.
Treaty of Portsmouth
Year Signed: 1905; Key Terms: Ended the Russo-Japanese War, recognized Japan's rights in Korea, and Russia's in Manchuria.
Treaty of Rome
Year Signed: 1957; Key Terms: Established the European Economic Community (EEC), a precursor to the European Union.
Peace of Augsburg
Year Signed: 1555; Key Terms: Allowed rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose Catholicism or Lutheranism within their realms.
Treaty of Sevres
Year Signed: 1920; Key Terms: Dismemberment of the Ottoman Empire after WWI, partitioning of Ottoman lands by the Allied Powers.
Helinski Accords
Year Signed: 1975; Key Terms: Improved relations between the Communist bloc and the West, recognized borders post-WWII, respected human rights.
Potsdam Agreement
Year Signed: 1945; Key Terms: Post-WWII management of Germany, division of Germany and Berlin, demilitarization and denazification of Germany.
Treaty of Shimonoseki
Year Signed: 1895; Key Terms: Ended the First Sino-Japanese War, China recognized independence of Korea, ceded Taiwan to Japan.
Treaty of Utrecht
Year Signed: 1713; Key Terms: Ended the War of Spanish Succession, restrained French expansionism, granted British control over Gibraltar.
Treaty of San Francisco
Year Signed: 1951; Key Terms: Treaty of peace with Japan after WWII, Japan's renunciation of claims to territories, reparations for war damages.
Treaty of Kiel
Year Signed: 1814; Key Terms: Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden, leading to Norway's independence movement, end to the Dano-Norwegian union.
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Year Signed: 1916; Key Terms: Secret agreement between Britain and France to divide the Ottoman Empire's Arab provinces.
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