Discover published sets by community

Focused on total spending in the economy and its effects on output and inflation. Founded by John Maynard Keynes. Influences fiscal and monetary policy to mitigate the adverse effects of economic recessions, depressions, and booms.

Emphasizes free markets, the idea of laissez-faire, and the belief that the economy can self-regulate. Founders include Adam Smith and David Ricardo. Influenced early industrial economic policies with minimal government intervention.

Centers on the labour theory of value and the exploitation of labor by capital. Founded by Karl Marx. Has influenced socialist and communist economic policies worldwide.

Focuses on the role of governments in controlling the amount of money in circulation. Founded by Milton Friedman. Has influenced monetary policy, especially the focus on targeting the money supply to control inflation.

Highlights the spontaneous organization of the market, the importance of individual choice and the limits of economic calculation in centrally planned economies. Key figures include Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, and Friedrich Hayek. Influenced policies promoting free-market capitalism and criticism of socialism.

Economic theory that emphasizes the importance of stockpiling gold and silver, favorable balances of trade, and colonial expansion. Prominent from the 16th to the 18th century. Influenced European colonial policies.

Argues that the wealth of nations is derived from the value of land agriculture or land development. Founded by François Quesnay. Influenced agricultural policy and land taxation in France.

Focuses on supply and demand as drivers of value, efficiency, and income distribution. Founders include William Stanley Jevons and Leon Walras. Influences modern economic policy and is the foundation of mainstream economics.

Emphasizes non-intervention by the government and the belief that markets are inherently stable. Founded by Frank Knight, with key proponents like Milton Friedman. Influenced deregulation and conservative economic policy, especially in the late 20th century.

Highlights the role of supply (production) in fostering economic growth. Proponents argue for tax cuts and deregulation to enhance the productivity of enterprises. Became popular during the Reagan administration. Influenced tax policy and deregulatory initiatives.

Examines the role of institutions in shaping economic behaviour. Key figures include Thorstein Veblen and John R. Commons. Influences policy analysis and development, especially in terms of the role that legal and political institutions play in the economy.

Integrates psychology and economics to explore why people sometimes make irrational economic decisions. Founders include Herbert A. Simon and Daniel Kahneman. Influences the design of public policies and private market strategies that account for actual human behavior.

Focuses on improving the economic, political, and social well-being of people in developing countries. Notables include Amartya Sen and Esther Duflo. Has influenced international aid, trade policy, and poverty reduction strategies.

Studies the flow of goods and services between nations. Includes topics like trade theory, exchange rates, and balance of payments. Influences trade agreements and international economic policies.

Studies economic issues as they relate to environmental problems, including the use, conservation, and valuation of natural resources. Influences environmental policy, including taxation and regulation of pollutants.

Extends Keynesian economics by focusing on issues such as income distribution, financial markets' influence on economic cycles, and the long-term effects of debt. Influences economic policies that address inequality and financial market regulation.

Based on the Islamic legal and moral framework that prohibits usury, emphasizes wealth distribution, and promotes risk-sharing. Influences financial practices and policies in Islamic countries, leading to the development of Islamic banking and finance.

Studies how different economic systems (capitalist, socialist, mixed economies) solve the problems of production and distribution. Influences the debate on the efficiency and equity of different economic systems globally.

Challenges economic theories that ignore gender disparities and the importance of unpaid work. Advocates for more comprehensive understandings of labor and wealth distribution. Influences public policies aimed at reducing gender inequalities in the economy.