Discover published sets by community

Socratic method, importance of ethical living, knowledge as virtue.

Theory of Forms, Platonic idealism, foundation of Western political philosophy.

Empiricism, virtue ethics, foundational works in numerous fields of science and philosophy.

Epicureanism, pursuit of happiness through modest pleasures, friendship, and philosophical contemplation.

Founded Stoicism, philosophy of inner peace and resilience, logic as a part of philosophy.

Cynicism, simple living, defying conventional desires for wealth, power, and fame.

Pythagoreanism, belief in the transmigration of souls, mathematical relations in music and astronomy.

Doctrine of change being central to the universe, 'Logos', fire as primary substance.

Atomism, philosophical skepticism, determinism and necessity.

Philosophy of monism, 'being' as the center of philosophical inquiry, rejection of sensory experience.

Sophism, relativism, 'Man is the measure of all things'.

Believed all matter composed of four roots: earth, air, fire, and water; concept of Love and Strife as fundamental cosmic forces.

Introduced the concept of Nous (Mind or Intellect) as the ordering principle of the cosmos, cosmogony, and the theory of appearances.

Primitive material monism, posited air as the primary substance, simple cosmology.

Proposed water as the originating principle of nature, geometric theorems, astronomer and engineer.

Sophist, nihilism or extreme skepticism, persuasive rhetoric over truth.

Founder of Cynicism, ascetic lifestyle, virtue is the only necessity for happiness.

Criticized anthropomorphic gods, proposed a form of monotheism or pantheism, theology and epistemology.

Introduced the concept of the 'apeiron' (the unlimited or infinite), early attempt to describe the origin of the universe, evolutionary ideas.