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Plato emphasized the importance of an educated ruling class and a strictly divided society based on inherent ability and education, seen in his 'Allegory of the Cave' and the philosopher-king concept.

Aristotle believed in education that balances the intellectual with the practical, and that learning should be tailored to the individual, as described in 'Nicomachean Ethics'.

John Dewey championed progressive education, emphasizing learning through doing, democracy in education, and the school as a social institution in 'Democracy and Education'.

Rousseau proposed education should foster rather than restrict children's natural instincts and emphasized learning from experience in 'Émile, or On Education'.

Kant advocated for education that promotes autonomy and rationality, preparing individuals to be moral and free citizens, as he discussed in 'Lectures on Pedagogy'.

Nietzsche's views on education challenge traditional values, advocating for the cultivation of free-thinkers and creative spirits as explored in 'Thus Spoke Zarathustra'.

Montessori proposed child-centered education, where children learn through exploration and discovery within a prepared environment, outlined in her method and writings.

Freire criticized the 'banking' concept of education, advocating for a dialogical and problem-posing education that empowers the oppressed, as discussed in 'Pedagogy of the Oppressed'.

Confucius emphasized the importance of moral education, the role of the gentleman and ritual in society, and learning for self-cultivation and social harmony.

Socrates introduced the dialectical method in education, prioritizing critical thinking and self-knowledge through constant questioning and dialogue.

Tagore emphasized holistic education that nurtures a child's physical, intellectual, and artistic abilities, in harmony with nature, as practiced in his school at Shantiniketan.

Aquinas, blending Aristotelian philosophy with Christian theology, supported the view that education leads to the truth, and truth leads one closer to God.

Foucault analyzed power structures within education systems and the role of disciplinary practices in shaping knowledge and society, elaborated in 'Discipline and Punish'.

Luther advocated for compulsory education for all children, emphasizing the ability to read the Bible, and had a significant influence on the establishment of the public school system.