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Plato's Theory of justice is outlined in 'The Republic'; it is linked to the idea of 'The Forms' and emphasizes justice as a virtue of the state, where each class performs its role in harmony.

Aristotle distinguished between distributive and corrective justice in his work 'Nicomachean Ethics', focusing on proportionality and equality.

Hobbes described justice as an artificial virtue that arises from a social contract; this is central to his political theory in 'Leviathan', where the state of nature is a 'war of all against all'.

Locke emphasized property rights as fundamental to justice in 'Two Treatises of Government', proposing the labor theory of property.

Rousseau believed that justice emerges from a social contract that preserves equality and freedom, as outlined in 'The Social Contract'.

Kant's deontological perspective insists that actions are just if they're in accordance with universal moral laws, as he explains in 'Metaphysics of Morals'.

Rawls' 'A Theory of Justice' introduces the Original Position and Veil of Ignorance to argue for principles of justice that ensure fair opportunities and distribution of resources.

Nozick critiques Rawls in 'Anarchy, State, and Utopia', asserting the justice in entitlements based on acquisition, transfer, and rectification of injustice in holdings.

Associated with Bentham and Mill, Utilitarianism claims that actions are just if they maximize overall happiness, as presented in works like 'Utilitarianism' and 'An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation'.

Communitarians like Michael Sandel and Charles Taylor argue that justice must be understood within the context of community values and social practices.

Libertarians like Robert Nozick prioritize individual freedom and property rights, often opposing redistributive justice measures.

Marxists like Karl Marx view justice through the lens of class struggle and argue for the redistribution of resources from the bourgeoisie to the proletariat.

Feminist theorists, such as Susan Moller Okin and Nancy Fraser, critique traditional theories of justice for neglecting gender and propose more inclusive principles.

Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum's Capabilities Approach to justice argues for the enhancement of individuals' capabilities to choose and live valued life courses.