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Powers explicitly stated in the Constitution as belonging to the federal government.

Powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved for the states or the people.

Powers shared by both the federal and state governments.

The constitutional provision that federal law takes precedence over state law in the event of conflict.

Grants Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes.

Allows Congress to make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution its powers.

The amendment that emphasizes the distinction between federal and state powers by stating that powers not delegated to the United States, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.

Requires states to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.

Prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner, with regard to basic rights.