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Laws typically define phishing as the fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information by disguising oneself as a trustworthy entity. Legal frameworks, such as the United States' Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA), often criminalize the act and authorize severe penalties.

Identity theft is the deliberate use of someone else's identity, typically to gain financial advantages. Legal remedies include laws like the Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act in the US that prosecutes individuals who wrongfully use another's personal data.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks overwhelm a system's resources, making it unavailable to users. Countries may handle these under laws like the UK's Computer Misuse Act, imposing penalties on those who knowingly impede the operation of a computer system.

Malware distribution involves spreading software designed to damage or disable computers. Laws such as Australia's Cybercrime Act criminalize the creation, distribution, or use of malware for illicit purposes.

Cyber espionage is the act of using computer networks to gain illicit access to confidential information. Nations often address this through espionage laws and international agreements like the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime.

Cyber terrorism is the use of internet-based attacks in terrorist activities. It's addressed through anti-terrorism legislation that extends to cyberspace, which often includes severe penalties for damage to national security interests.

Unauthorized access, or hacking, involves accessing a computer system without permission. This is illegal under statutes such as the CFAA in the US and can lead to imprisonment and/or fines.

Theft of intellectual property (IP) online includes piracy and trade secret theft. Laws like the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) protect IP rights, with criminal and civil penalties for infringement.

Credit card fraud involves unauthorized use of another's credit card information for financial gain. Laws like the Fair Credit Billing Act in the US help to limit liability of cardholders and criminal statutes provide for prosecution of fraudsters.

Sharing or possessing child exploitation material is a grave cybercrime, addressed through legislation such as the Protecting Children from Internet Predators Act. These laws mandate severe punishments, including imprisonment and sex offender registration.

Online harassment and cyberstalking involve the use of the internet to harass or stalk individuals. Laws such as the US's Violence Against Women Act include provisions for cyberstalking, often resulting in restraining orders and criminal charges.

Cyberextortion occurs when individuals threaten to release sensitive data or attack a computer system unless a demand is met. Laws like the US's Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) can be used to prosecute such activities.

In a data breach, protected or confidential data is released into an untrusted environment. Legislation such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes heavy fines and mandates prompt breach notification.

The darknet is often used for the sale of illegal goods, such as drugs and weapons. This is criminalized under various national and international laws including drug trafficking and weapons smuggling statutes.

Computer vandalism includes the destruction or damaging of computer files or systems. Under laws like the CFAA, offenders can face felony charges, especially when government systems are targeted.

Cyber fraud involves any type of fraudulent activity using electronic communications. Convictions may result from laws addressing wire fraud, as in the US Wire Fraud Statute, which entails fines and imprisonment.

Election interference through cyber means seeks to influence the outcome of elections. This is fought using electoral laws, and cyber legislation, and may intersect with national security statutes.

Cyber-squatting is the act of registering domain names to profit from trademarks owned by others. The Anti-Cybersquatting Consumer Protection Act in the US provides a legal remedy for trademark holders to claim domain names in bad faith registration.

Botnets are networks of compromised computers controlled by a command-and-control server for malicious purposes. Authorities utilize anti-cybercrime laws to prosecute operators, as these networks can be used for DDoS attacks, spam, and malware distribution.

Cryptojacking is the unauthorized use of someone else's device to mine cryptocurrency. It's often addressed under computer misuse laws and can lead to criminal charges against the perpetrators.

Insider threats come from individuals within an organization who misuse access to harm the organization or its data. Legal responses include employment law remedies and, in cases of intentional damage or theft, criminal charges.

Software piracy is the unauthorized copying or distribution of copyrighted software. This cybercrime is tackled by copyright laws, including penalties that range from fines to imprisonment.

The online sale or distribution of counterfeit goods infringes on trademark rights. Laws like the Stop Counterfeiting in Manufactured Goods Act in the US provide for criminal penalties against counterfeiters.

Digital money laundering involves disguising the illicit origins of money through digital currencies or payment systems. Anti-money laundering (AML) legislation is used to prosecute these crimes, which require financial institutions to monitor and report suspicious activities.

Distribution of illegal content such as child exploitation material, incitements to terrorism, or hate speech over the internet is criminalized and pursued with the help of laws tailored to these specific crimes.

ATM skimming involves installing devices on ATMs to capture card information. Prosecutions under fraud and identity theft laws can result in imprisonment and fines for perpetrators.

Cyber-smearing is the act of spreading false information online to harm an individual's or business's reputation. Victims can seek civil remedies for defamation, and criminal charges may apply in cases of severe harassment.

Invoice fraud happens when a scammer sends an invoice to a company hoping it will be paid without question. Legal responses include prosecution under fraud statutes and reimbursement orders.