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Police can question a suspect without giving Miranda warnings if there is an immediate public safety concern.

Some jurisdictions require that police interrogations be recorded to ensure the accuracy and voluntariness of confessions.

A confession is admissible if it was made freely, voluntarily, and without compelling influences.

Courts examine a minor's age, experience, education, background, and intelligence to determine if a Miranda waiver is valid.

The Fifth Amendment protects suspects from self-incrimination, allowing them to refuse to answer questions.

Unreasonably long interrogations may be considered coercive and could lead to involuntary confessions.

A widely used interrogation strategy that involves psychological manipulation though its legality is under ethical scrutiny.

Miranda v. Arizona requires police to inform suspects of their rights before an interrogation.

Additional protections are afforded to juvenile suspects, often including the presence of a parent or guardian.

Indigent suspects have the right to court-appointed counsel during critical stages of the legal process.

Suspects may waive their Miranda rights, but the waiver must be knowing, voluntary, and intelligent.

Police can use some forms of deception during interrogations, but there are limits to prevent false confessions.

Suspects have the right to a preliminary hearing to establish probable cause before certain post-indictment interrogations.

Suspects have the right to have an attorney present during interrogations after formal charges have been filed.

Miranda rights apply when the suspect is in custody and subject to direct questioning or its functional equivalent.

Statements made without Miranda warnings are generally inadmissible, with few exceptions such as volunteered statements.

The U.S. Supreme Court has outlined specific guidelines governing how interrogations should be conducted.

Suspects have a right to counsel during post-charge lineups and certain other critical stages of the prosecution.

Long delays between arrest, indictment, and trial can impact the suspect's ability to prepare a defense, including during interrogations.

Evidence obtained through violations of the suspect's constitutional rights may not be admissible in court.

The Vienna Convention on Consular Relations grants foreign detainees the right to access their consular officials during interrogation.

Confessions must be voluntary and not the result of coercion, threats, or promises.

If a suspect invokes their Miranda rights, the interrogation must cease until an attorney is present or the suspect initiates further communication.

Miranda warnings must be provided in a language that the suspect understands.