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A reasonable belief that a person has committed a crime, based on factual evidence and circumstances.

A belief based on specific and articulable facts that a person is or has been involved in criminal activity.

Probable cause is generally required for a judge to issue a search or arrest warrant.

A stop and frisk based on reasonable suspicion that a person may be armed and dangerous.

Situations where immediate action is necessary, and probable cause can be used to bypass the need for a warrant.

Use of a trained dog to detect drugs is considered a search that requires probable cause.

Searches for immigration and customs enforcement at borders may require neither probable cause nor reasonable suspicion.

Officers need at least reasonable suspicion that a traffic law has been violated to make a stop.

Police can arrest someone without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe the person has committed a crime.

School officials typically need only reasonable suspicion to search students or their belongings.

A higher threshold of probable cause is needed to obtain a warrant for electronic surveillance such as wiretaps.

Informant tips can contribute to probable cause if they are corroborated by police investigation.

Neither probable cause nor reasonable suspicion is needed if a person consents to a police search.

Police can search a vehicle without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe there is evidence of a crime inside.