Discover published sets by community

Situations where immediate action is necessary, and probable cause can be used to bypass the need for a warrant.

School officials typically need only reasonable suspicion to search students or their belongings.

A reasonable belief that a person has committed a crime, based on factual evidence and circumstances.

A stop and frisk based on reasonable suspicion that a person may be armed and dangerous.

Police can search a vehicle without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe there is evidence of a crime inside.

Probable cause is generally required for a judge to issue a search or arrest warrant.

Police can arrest someone without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe the person has committed a crime.

Searches for immigration and customs enforcement at borders may require neither probable cause nor reasonable suspicion.

A belief based on specific and articulable facts that a person is or has been involved in criminal activity.

A higher threshold of probable cause is needed to obtain a warrant for electronic surveillance such as wiretaps.

Probable cause is a higher standard requiring more evidence than reasonable suspicion, which is a more subjective, lower threshold.

Use of a trained dog to detect drugs is considered a search that requires probable cause.

Officers need at least reasonable suspicion that a traffic law has been violated to make a stop.

Neither probable cause nor reasonable suspicion is needed if a person consents to a police search.