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Informant tips can contribute to probable cause if they are corroborated by police investigation.

Situations where immediate action is necessary, and probable cause can be used to bypass the need for a warrant.

Probable cause is generally required for a judge to issue a search or arrest warrant.

Neither probable cause nor reasonable suspicion is needed if a person consents to a police search.

A higher threshold of probable cause is needed to obtain a warrant for electronic surveillance such as wiretaps.

Police can search a vehicle without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe there is evidence of a crime inside.

School officials typically need only reasonable suspicion to search students or their belongings.

Use of a trained dog to detect drugs is considered a search that requires probable cause.

Police can arrest someone without a warrant if they have probable cause to believe the person has committed a crime.

Officers need at least reasonable suspicion that a traffic law has been violated to make a stop.

A stop and frisk based on reasonable suspicion that a person may be armed and dangerous.

Searches for immigration and customs enforcement at borders may require neither probable cause nor reasonable suspicion.

A reasonable belief that a person has committed a crime, based on factual evidence and circumstances.

A belief based on specific and articulable facts that a person is or has been involved in criminal activity.