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A system created to ensure that indigent defendants receive legal representation, often established by state or local governments.

Indigent defendants are entitled to counsel in their first appeal as of right, following Douglas v. California.

A system where the government contracts with a law firm or legal organization to provide representation to indigent defendants.

Established the right to counsel for all indigent defendants in felony cases at the state level.

The 6th Amendment provides the accused the right to assistance of counsel for his defense in all criminal prosecutions.

In re Gault guaranteed the right to counsel for juveniles in delinquency proceedings.

Defendants can challenge a conviction by arguing their counsel's performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness, following Strickland v. Washington.

If a court concludes that a defendant was unconstitutionally denied counsel, the typical remedy is a retrial.

Courts will assess a defendant's financial situation to determine eligibility for a public defender or court-appointed counsel.

The right to counsel is generally not extended to parole and probation revocation hearings; however, certain circumstances may warrant legal representation.

Legal work performed voluntarily and without payment as a public service, particularly for indigent clients or noble causes.

Nonprofit organizations that provide legal services to those who cannot afford them, often supported by charitable donations and government funding.

The right to counsel extends to the plea bargaining process as established in Missouri v. Frye and Lafler v. Cooper.

Defendants have the right to counsel during the sentencing phase, as this stage is critical to ensuring their rights are protected.

Scott v. Illinois clarified that counsel must be provided only if imprisonment is actually imposed for a misdemeanor conviction.

The provision of legal representation to those unable to afford it. Gideon v. Wainwright was pivotal in validating the state's duty to provide counsel to the poor.

Extended the right to counsel to any defendant facing a potential sentence of imprisonment, even for petty offenses.

The Supreme Court has recognized the critical importance of counsel in death penalty cases, with heightened standards for effective representation.

Established the requirement for police to inform arrested individuals of their rights, including the right to an attorney, before interrogation.

Defendants are not only entitled to a lawyer, but also to an effective one. Courts use the Strickland v. Washington test to determine if counsel was effective.

Defendants may waive the right to counsel and represent themselves, but the waiver must be made knowingly and intelligently. Faretta v. California outlines this right.

United States v. Wade and Gilbert v. California ensured the right to counsel during post-indictment lineups.

Where defense counsel's ineffective advice led to a client accepting a plea bargain, the defendant may have grounds to vacate the plea, per Padilla v. Kentucky.

A system where a court appoints a private attorney to represent an indigent defendant. The attorney is usually compensated by the government.