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Education Law: Key Statutes

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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

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Civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability, requiring covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities and imposing accessibility requirements on public accommodations.

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No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)

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A U.S. Act of Congress that aims to close the achievement gap with accountability, flexibility, and choice, so that no child is left behind in education. Replaced by ESSA in 2015.

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Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA)

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A U.S. federal law signed in 2014, WIOA helps job seekers access employment, education, training, and support services to succeed in the labor market.

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The Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990

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A U.S. federal law that prohibits unauthorized individuals from knowingly possessing a firearm in a school zone.

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The Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment (PPRA)

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A U.S. federal law that affords certain rights to parents of minor students with regard to surveys that ask questions of a personal nature, protecting students from invasive information-gathering.

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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

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U.S. law ensuring services to children with disabilities throughout the nation. IDEA governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services.

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Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA)

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A U.S. federal law designed to strengthen the educational resources of the colleges and universities and to provide financial assistance for students in postsecondary and higher education.

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The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act

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Reauthorized in 2018, this act amends the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 to provide an increased focus on the academic achievement of career and technical education students.

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Equity and Excellence Commission

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Established under the ESEA reauthorization, the commission advises the federal government on the redistribution of funding to provide equitable educational opportunities for all students, particularly those who are disadvantaged.

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Adult Education and Family Literacy Act (AEFLA)

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Part of the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act, AEFLA aims to improve adult literacy and education, ensuring adults have the skills needed to succeed in the workforce and society.

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Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975

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A U.S. law that requires all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities.

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The Equity in IDEA Regulations

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These regulations address the disproportionality in special education, aiming to prevent inappropriate identification and ensure that children from all racial and ethnic backgrounds are fairly treated.

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The National School Lunch Act (NSLA)

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A U.S. federal law signed by President Harry Truman in 1946, the act provides low-cost or free school lunch meals to qualified students through subsidies to schools.

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The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act

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A U.S. federal law that provides federal funds for homeless shelter programs. It also ensures educational rights and protections for children and youth experiencing homelessness.

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Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act

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Federal law in the U.S. that provides federal funds to improve and expand career and technical education programs to help students gain the skills necessary for success in the workforce.

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Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972

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A federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity, leading to increased equity in educational and athletic opportunities.

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The Jeanne Clery Disclosure of Campus Security Policy and Campus Crime Statistics Act (Clery Act)

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A federal statute requiring all colleges and universities participating in federal financial aid programs to maintain and disclose campus crime statistics and security information.

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Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA)

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A U.S. federal law that gives parents certain protections with regard to their children's education records, such as report cards, transcripts, disciplinary records, contact and family information, and class schedules.

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Mathew Shepard and James Byrd Jr. Hate Crimes Prevention Act

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Federal law that expands the 1969 United States federal hate-crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim's actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability.

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The Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002

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This act establishes the Institute of Education Sciences within the Department of Education, promoting rigorous research to provide reliable information on education practices that improve academic achievement.

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Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

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A United States federal statute enacted in 1965 that funds primary and secondary education, emphasizing high standards and accountability. As reauthorized, ESEA was known as NCLB, and most recently as ESSA.

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Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

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A U.S. law passed in 2015 that governs the United States K-12 public education policy. ESSA replaced the No Child Left Behind Act, aiming to provide equal opportunity for all students and reduce achievement gaps.

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The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010

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This act funds child nutrition and free lunch programs, establishing nutrition standards for schools and addressing the issue of child hunger and obesity in the United States.

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Campus Sex Crimes Prevention Act

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A federal law that provides for the tracking of convicted sex offenders enrolled at or employed by institutions of higher education, augmenting the Clery Act with additional safety measures.

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Student Right-to-Know Act

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A U.S. federal law requiring colleges and universities to disclose information about graduation rates to current and prospective students, aiming to provide transparent data to aid decision making.

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