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Decision: School-sponsored prayer in public schools is unconstitutional. Impact: Ended official school-sponsored prayer; reinforced separation of church and state in schools.

Decision: Mandatory Bible readings in public schools are unconstitutional. Impact: Strengthened the doctrine that public schools must remain secular.

Decision: The government cannot provide significant aid to religious schools if it promotes religion. Impact: Established the 'Lemon Test' for determining the permissibility of government actions regarding religion.

Decision: Posting the Ten Commandments in public school classrooms is unconstitutional. Impact: Emphasized the need for secular purpose in public schools.

Decision: Laws for silent prayer or meditation in public schools are unconstitutional if they are intended to promote religion. Impact: Affirmed that states cannot require moments of silence if the intent is religious.

Decision: Teaching creationism in public schools as an alternative to evolution is unconstitutional. Impact: Prevented the promotion of religious doctrines in public school science classes.

Decision: Public schools cannot sponsor clerics to conduct prayers at graduation ceremonies. Impact: Continued to restrain school's involvement in religious activities.

Decision: Student-led, student-initiated prayer at football games is unconstitutional. Impact: Limited the endorsement of prayer in school-affiliated events.

Decision: Vouchers that parents could use at religious schools did not violate the establishment clause. Impact: Allowed for indirect government aid to religious education, through vouchers.

Decision: States can deny scholarships to students pursuing degrees in devotional theology. Impact: Upheld a state's right to disallow public funding for explicitly religious education.

Decision: Schools can restrict student speech that is seen as promoting illegal drug use without violating the student's free speech rights. Impact: Clarified the limits of student free speech rights, indirectly limiting religious and political expression.

Decision: Religious institutions have the right to select their ministers without government interference, establishing the 'ministerial exception'. Impact: Ensured that religious institutions can control employment based on their doctrines within schools.

Decision: Legislative bodies such as town councils can begin their sessions with prayer. Impact: By extension, suggests the complexities in defining the limits of religious activities in public schools.

Decision: Denying a grant to a school solely because it is a religious institution violates the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment. Impact: Made it more difficult to deny religious institutions public benefits solely based on their religious character.