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Federal Employment Laws

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Equal Pay Act of 1963

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Requires that men and women be given equal pay for equal work in the same establishment.

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Taft-Hartley Act

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Amended the National Labor Relations Act, addressing the balance of power between unions and management by restricting certain union practices.

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Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

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Ensures safe and healthful working conditions by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education, and assistance.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Title VII

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Prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)

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Protects the rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to curtail certain private sector labor and management practices.

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Executive Order 11246

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Prohibits federal contractors and federally–assisted construction contractors and subcontractors, who do over 10,000ingovernmentbusinessinoneyearfromdiscriminatinginemploymentdecisionsonthebasisofrace,color,religion,sex,ornationalorigin.10,000 in government business in one year from discriminating in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)

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Protects employees 40 years of age and older from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, or terms of employment.

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Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)

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Prohibits discrimination on the basis of genetic information in health insurance and employment.

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Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA)

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Protects the job rights of individuals who voluntarily or involuntarily leave employment positions to undertake military service or certain types of service in the National Disaster Medical System.

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Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)

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Establishes minimum wage, overtime pay eligibility, recordkeeping, and child labor standards.

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Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)

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Provides for the continuation of group health coverage that otherwise might be terminated.

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Pregnancy Discrimination Act

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Prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions.

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Wagner Act

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Officially known as the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), it established the National Labor Relations Board and addressed relations between unions and employers in the private sector.

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Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

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Grants eligible employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave per year and requires group health benefits to be maintained.

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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

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Provides data privacy and security provisions for safeguarding medical information and includes provisions to allow individuals to carry over health insurance when they change jobs.

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Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN)

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Protects workers by requiring most employers with 100 or more employees to provide 60 calendar-day advance notification of plant closings and mass layoffs of employees.

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Sarbanes-Oxley Act

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Protects whistleblowers who work for publicly traded companies from retaliation and includes reforms to enhance corporate responsibility, financial disclosures, and combat corporate and accounting fraud.

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Davis-Bacon Act

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Requires that prevailing wages be paid on publicly funded construction projects.

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Immigration and Nationality Act (INA)

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Regulates immigration and citizenship in the United States, including employment eligibility and employment verification.

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Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act

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Restores the protection against pay discrimination by allowing individuals who claim pay discrimination to file a complaint within 180 days of any discriminatory paycheck.

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Rehabilitation Act of 1973

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Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs conducted by federal agencies, in programs receiving federal financial assistance, in federal employment, and in the employment practices of federal contractors.

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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

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Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs.

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Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA)

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Promotes accuracy, fairness, and privacy of consumer information contained in the files of consumer reporting agencies, also affects employers who use consumer reports for employment purposes.

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Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA)

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Regulates private pension plans, including providing protections for individuals in these plans.

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Employee Polygraph Protection Act (EPPA)

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Prohibits most private employers from using lie detector tests, either for pre-employment screening or during the course of employment.

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