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Labor Unions History and Facts

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The Pullman Strike (1894)

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A nationwide railroad strike in the U.S. that pitted the American Railway Union against the Pullman Company and federal troops, highlighting the tensions between labor and capital.

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Taft-Hartley Act (1947)

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Legislation that restricted the activities and power of labor unions in the United States, representing a shift towards more regulated union activities.

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The Homestead Strike (1892)

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A violent labor dispute between the Carnegie Steel Company and the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, marking a pivotal moment in U.S. labor history.

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Collective Bargaining

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The negotiation process between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working conditions, essential to labor union activities.

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The Knights of Labor (founded 1869)

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One of the largest and most influential labor organizations in the late 19th century, advocating for an eight-hour workday and workers’ rights.

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The Haymarket Affair (1886)

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A Chicago protest that turned violent. It became a historic event for labor movements and the origin of May Day as International Workers' Day.

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Industrial Workers of the World (founded 1905)

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A global labor union known for its radical policies, aiming to unite all workers in an effort to overthrow capitalism.

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The National Labor Union (1866)

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The first national labor federation in the U.S., it focused on social reform and the establishment of an eight-hour workday.

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The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)

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One of the deadliest industrial disasters in U.S. history leading to workplace safety standards and strengthened labor laws.

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Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act, 1935)

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U.S. legislation that gave workers the right to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take collective action such as strikes.

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Right-to-Work Laws

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State laws that prohibit union security agreements between companies and workers' unions. These laws can affect union membership and resources.

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The American Federation of Labor (AFL)

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Founded in 1886, the AFL focused on skilled workers and became one of the first federations to allow for organized national labor representation.

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Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

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Federal law that introduced the minimum wage, overtime pay, and restrictions on child labor in the United States, a significant legislative win for labor unions.

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The AFL-CIO Merger (1955)

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The American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) merged to become the largest federation of unions in the U.S.

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The Norris-LaGuardia Act (1932)

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U.S. law that prohibited employers from requiring employees to sign agreements not to join a labor union; it marked the beginning of federal protection for nonviolent labor organizing.

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The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

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The first major, nationwide labor conflict in the U.S., which set the stage for future labor disputes and the development of labor unions.

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The Battle of Blair Mountain (1921)

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The largest armed uprising in U.S. labor history and a significant episode in the struggle for miners’ rights and labor unionization.

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The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

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Formed in 1935 as the Committee for Industrial Organization, it later became the CIO and was involved in organizing large-scale industrial unions in the U.S.

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The Ludlow Massacre (1914)

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An attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of striking coal miners, highlighting the often violent nature of early labor struggles in the United States.

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The U.S. Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)

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A government agency responsible for administering labor relations laws for non-postal federal employees, playing a key role in federal sector labor-management relations.

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