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Labor Unions History and Facts
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The Pullman Strike (1894)
A nationwide railroad strike in the U.S. that pitted the American Railway Union against the Pullman Company and federal troops, highlighting the tensions between labor and capital.
Taft-Hartley Act (1947)
Legislation that restricted the activities and power of labor unions in the United States, representing a shift towards more regulated union activities.
The Homestead Strike (1892)
A violent labor dispute between the Carnegie Steel Company and the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, marking a pivotal moment in U.S. labor history.
Collective Bargaining
The negotiation process between employers and a group of employees aimed at agreements to regulate working conditions, essential to labor union activities.
The Knights of Labor (founded 1869)
One of the largest and most influential labor organizations in the late 19th century, advocating for an eight-hour workday and workers’ rights.
The Haymarket Affair (1886)
A Chicago protest that turned violent. It became a historic event for labor movements and the origin of May Day as International Workers' Day.
Industrial Workers of the World (founded 1905)
A global labor union known for its radical policies, aiming to unite all workers in an effort to overthrow capitalism.
The National Labor Union (1866)
The first national labor federation in the U.S., it focused on social reform and the establishment of an eight-hour workday.
The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911)
One of the deadliest industrial disasters in U.S. history leading to workplace safety standards and strengthened labor laws.
Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act, 1935)
U.S. legislation that gave workers the right to organize into trade unions, engage in collective bargaining, and take collective action such as strikes.
Right-to-Work Laws
State laws that prohibit union security agreements between companies and workers' unions. These laws can affect union membership and resources.
The American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Founded in 1886, the AFL focused on skilled workers and became one of the first federations to allow for organized national labor representation.
Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)
Federal law that introduced the minimum wage, overtime pay, and restrictions on child labor in the United States, a significant legislative win for labor unions.
The AFL-CIO Merger (1955)
The American Federation of Labor (AFL) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) merged to become the largest federation of unions in the U.S.
The Norris-LaGuardia Act (1932)
U.S. law that prohibited employers from requiring employees to sign agreements not to join a labor union; it marked the beginning of federal protection for nonviolent labor organizing.
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The first major, nationwide labor conflict in the U.S., which set the stage for future labor disputes and the development of labor unions.
The Battle of Blair Mountain (1921)
The largest armed uprising in U.S. labor history and a significant episode in the struggle for miners’ rights and labor unionization.
The Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
Formed in 1935 as the Committee for Industrial Organization, it later became the CIO and was involved in organizing large-scale industrial unions in the U.S.
The Ludlow Massacre (1914)
An attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of striking coal miners, highlighting the often violent nature of early labor struggles in the United States.
The U.S. Federal Labor Relations Authority (FLRA)
A government agency responsible for administering labor relations laws for non-postal federal employees, playing a key role in federal sector labor-management relations.
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