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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Essentials

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Alterations and New Construction

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Alterations to existing buildings and new construction must be made in such a manner that they are readily accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities.

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Undue Hardship

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An action that requires significant difficulty or expense in relation to the size, financial resources, and nature of the business.

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Service Animals

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Entities must permit service animals to accompany people with disabilities in all areas where the public is normally allowed to go.

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Title IV: Telecommunications Relay Services

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Requires telephone companies to provide a system that allows individuals with hearing or speech disabilities to communicate over the telephone.

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Accessibility Standards

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New construction and alterations of facilities must comply with ADA Standards for Accessible Design.

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Title I: Employment

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Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in employment and requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations.

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Designation of Responsible Employee

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Public entities are required to designate at least one employee to coordinate their efforts to comply with and carry out responsibilities under the ADA.

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Title II: Public Services

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Requires public entities to make their programs, services, and activities accessible to individuals with disabilities.

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Title III: Public Accommodations and Services Operated by Private Entities

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Prohibits private places of public accommodation from discriminating against individuals with disabilities.

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Complaint Procedure

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Entities must adopt and publish grievance procedures to resolve complaints of discrimination regarding their practices or facilities.

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Auxiliary Aids and Services

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Cover entities must provide aids and services for effective communication with individuals with disabilities.

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Effective Communication

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The ADA requires that communication with people with disabilities must be as effective as communications with others.

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Definition of Disability

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Under the ADA, a person with a disability is someone who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.

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Transportation Requirements

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Public transportation authorities must provide paratransit or other special transportation services to individuals with disabilities who cannot use fixed-route bus services.

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Examinations and Courses

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The ADA requires that any private or public entity that offers examinations or courses related to applications, licensing, certification, or credentialing for secondary or postsecondary education, professional, or trade purposes must offer them in a place and manner accessible to people with disabilities or offer alternative accessible arrangements.

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Reasonable Accommodation

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Employers are required to make adjustments or modifications to the work environment that enable an individual with a disability to enjoy equal employment opportunities.

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Retaliation or Coercion

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The ADA prohibits retaliation or coercion against individuals who exercise their rights under the ADA or assist others in exercising their rights.

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Direct Threat

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Under the ADA, a direct threat is a significant risk to the health or safety of others that cannot be eliminated by a modification of policies, practices, or procedures, or by the provision of auxiliary aids or services.

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The ADA National Network

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Provides information, guidance, and training on the Americans with Disabilities Act.

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Dietary Restrictions

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Though not directly addressed in the ADA, entities that serve food may need to consider reasonable modifications for individuals with dietary disabilities.

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