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Acoustics Basics
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Decibel
A logarithmic unit used to measure sound level, defined as , where is the power level of the sound and is a reference power level.
Frequency
The number of complete oscillations or cycles per unit time, measured in Hertz (Hz).
Wavelength
The distance between two consecutive points in phase on a wave, typically denoted as and calculated as , where is the velocity of sound and is the frequency.
Amplitude
The maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.
Sound Intensity
The power per unit area, measured in Watts per square meter ().
Sound Pressure
The local pressure deviation from the ambient (average or equilibrium) pressure, caused by a sound wave.
Speed of Sound
The speed at which sound waves travel through an elastic medium. Formula in air at 20°C: .
Beat Frequency
The frequency of the amplitude modulations that occur when two frequencies close in value are played together, calculated as , where and are the two frequencies.
Resonance
The phenomenon that occurs when the frequency of a periodically applied force is equal to a natural frequency of the system on which it acts, resulting in maximum amplitude oscillations.
Harmonics
Waveforms that are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency, contributing to the complexity of a sound.
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