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Atomic Models
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Dalton's Atomic Theory
Matter is made of indivisible atoms, atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties, compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms, and a chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
Bohr's Model
Electrons move in fixed circular orbits around the nucleus called 'stationary states' without radiating energy, energy is only emitted or absorbed when an electron moves from one orbit to another.
Thomson's Plum Pudding Model
Atoms consist of a positively charged 'soup' with negatively charged electrons scattered throughout, like plums in a pudding.
Rutherford’s Nuclear Model
Atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus where most of the mass is concentrated. Electrons orbit the nucleus.
Quantum Mechanical Model (Schrödinger's Model)
Electrons have uncertain positions, described by probability clouds rather than defined orbits. The model uses complex mathematical equations (wave functions) to describe the likelihood of finding an electron in a certain position.
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