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Theories of Motivation in Education
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Educators can support students by ensuring basic needs are met before expecting higher-level academic achievement.
Self-Determination Theory (SDT)
Teachers can foster intrinsic motivation by supporting autonomy, demonstrating relevance, and increasing feelings of competence.
Expectancy-Value Theory
Curriculum design can reflect the perceived utility of tasks, linking effort to expectancy for success and the value of the task itself.
Goal Orientation Theory
Classrooms can be structured to promote either a mastery (learning) orientation or a performance orientation, affecting student motivation.
Self-Efficacy Theory
Educators can increase motivation by helping students build belief in their own abilities, using strategies like mastery experiences and social modeling.
Flow Theory
Teachers can design tasks that are challenging yet attainable to induce a state of 'flow', where students are fully immersed and focused.
Achievement Goal Theory
Instructors can influence motivation by setting clear and specific goals that align with both learning and performance objectives.
Attribution Theory
Teachers can help students attribute their successes or failures to factors that are controllable, which fosters a sense of self-efficacy and accountability.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Educational systems can create environments that nurture a student's internal interests and offer external rewards to motivate learning.
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