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Ribosomes are the cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA.

Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of almost all vertebrates as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.

APCs are immune cells that capture antigens and display their fragments on the cell's surface, often linked to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, to be recognized by T cells.

Cholesterol is a waxy type of lipid, a substance that is insoluble in water, and is necessary for building cell membranes and producing hormones.

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are important for various biological processes.

Lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, oils, waxes, cholesterol and some vitamins.

DNA is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms that carries genetic information.

Chitin is a long-chain polymer of a N-acetylglucosamine, a derivative of glucose, which is a primary component of cell walls in fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods, such as crustaceans and insects, and the scales of fish and amphibians.

Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are proteins produced by the immune system to help stop intruders like bacteria and viruses.

Keratin is a family of fibrous structural proteins found in the hair, nails, and skin of humans and animals.

Myoglobin is a red protein containing heme that carries and stores oxygen in muscle cells.

Carbohydrates are sugar molecules that are major sources of energy and structural materials for living organisms.

Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, and are composed of a sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

Vitamins are organic compounds that are necessary in small amounts for normal metabolism and good health.

Steroids are a type of lipid characterized by a carbon skeleton with four fused rings; many are hormones.

RNA plays a role in protein synthesis and the transmission of genetic information.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells without being consumed in the process.

Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes as they can form lipid bilayers.

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose levels in the blood and is used in the treatment of diabetes.

Collagen is the primary structural protein found in skin and other connective tissues, widely used in purified form for cosmetic surgical treatments.

A nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine in DNA or adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine in RNA).

ATP is the primary energy carrier in living organisms that cells use in their metabolic processes.

Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi.

Prostaglandins are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula \(C_6H_{10}O_5\)_n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of $\beta$(1→4) linked D-glucose units.

Actin is a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments and are highly conserved proteins that play a role in various types of cell motility and are integral to the cytoskeleton.

Myosin is a superfamily of ATP-dependent motor proteins and are best known for their role in muscle contraction and their involvement in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotic organisms.

Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesize them.

Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to amino acid side-chains.